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C Look at the highlighted words/phrases in the essay, and use them to complete the table below.

                                                  LINKING WORDS/PHRASES

                                                 but, however,                                                  ,
                       EXPRESSING CONTRAST
                                                 on the one hand,
                       GIVING EXAMPLES                                                            ,                                                  , such as


                       SUMMING UP                to sum up, in conclusion, all in all,                                                  ,
                                                 taking everything into consideration


                                                tw
                                                tw
                                                   o
                                     sent
                                         enc
                                     sent
                                 wing
                                 wing
                                              in
                                              in
                                            es
                                         enc
                                            es
                                                          o
                                                          o
                                                         t
                                                         t
                                                              w
                                                              w
                                                           sho
                                                           sho
                                                        s
                                                    w
                                                      a
                                                   o
                                                    w
                                                       y
                                                        s
                                                      a
                                                       y
                         the
                             f
                             f
                   D Link the following sentences in two ways to show
                     Link
                     Link
                         the
                              ollo
                              ollo
                     contrast, using the words given.
                      1.  Travelling alone allows you to be more  lexible
                        and independent. You get bored easily without
                        company.
                        On the other hand
                        While
                                                                                           Plan
                                                                              An essay discussing advantages
                                                                                     and disadvantages
                      2.  Walking tours can be a good way to explore a city.
                        They are tiring.                                   INTRODUCTION
                                                                         Introduce the subject of the essay and both sides
                        However       © MM Publications
                                                                         of the topic.
                                                                          MAIN PART (2 PARAGRAPHS)
                                                                         Refer to the advantages/disadvantages in
                        But                                              separate paragraphs. Cover both sides of the
                                                                         topic equally.
                                                                          CONCLUSION
                                                                         Make a general statement summing up, and state
                                                                         your opinion.
                   E Read the writing task below, and make a list of
                     advantages and disadvantages in the table.
                     Then  writ e  the  es sa y .  R ead  the
                     Then
                              e
                               the
                                             the
                                         ead
                          writ
                                        R
                                   es
                     Then write the essay. Read the
                     Then write the essay. Read the PLAN and the TIP.
                                       .
                                      y
                                    sa
                                                                    TIP!     When writing an essay discussing
                                                                             advantages and disadvantages, you should:
                       You have been asked to write an essay on                 think about the topic carefully, and choose
                       the following topic:                                    two or three ideas/points (the ones you
                                                                               can explain and support the most) for
                       What are the advantages and                             each paragraph of the main part.
                       disadvantages of a camping holiday?                     Don’t try to deal with too many points.
                                                                                explain or justify each point and,
                                   ADVANTAGES                                  if possible, provide an example.
                                                                                use a variety of linking words/phrases
                                                                               to list and add points (see page 47),
                                                                               express contrast, give examples,
                                                                               give your opinion, sum up, etc.
                                 DISADVANTAGES                                  write in a formal style and do not
                                                                               use short forms.
                                                                                avoid introducing any new ideas
                                                                               in the conclusion.
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