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4c
6c U n d er th e s ea
Under the sea

1 Warm-up 2 Vocabulary 

Answer the A. Match the words below with the items in the picture. Write the correct
following number next to the words. Then listen and check your answers.
questions.
1 rock
• Have you ever 3 4 reef
watched a sand
documentary
about underwater 2 5 cave
life? Was it wreck
interesting?
• Have you ever B. Look at the box and read the numbers a-e aloud. Then listen and
check your answers.
tried scuba diving?
Would you like to? • 7,053 seven thousand and fifty-three a. 5,632
• 62,425 sixty-two thousand, four hundred and twenty-five b. 3,800,000,000
• 88,000,000 eighty-eight million c. 216
• 1,290,436,300 one billion, two hundred and ninety million, d. 17,992
four hundred and thirty-six thousand, three hundred e. 8,500,000

3 Read  © MM Publications

A. Listen and read. What is an artificial reef?

hen you hear the word ‘reef’, you These wrecks have become a popular
usually think of tropical islands destination for fishermen and sport divers.
with colourful fish swimming around In fact, research shows that locations with
coral and sea flowers. But how is a wrecks are more popular with tourists, who
natural reef formed? Well, rocks and sand spend around 650,000,000 euros a year in
near the coast join together to create a long these coastal areas.
line just above or just below the surface of The lack of natural reefs in some places
the sea. In this way, a natural habitat for sea has led to people building ‘artificial’ ones.
creatures and fish is created.
The first artificial reefs were made by the
During World War II, a great number of Japanese back in the 1800s. They were made
ships sank and planes crashed into the sea. of bamboo, but today people sink anything
As years went by, these wrecks turned into from old tyres to old ships and aircraft.
‘reefs’. Coral and sponges began growing Before the actual sinking, scientists and
there and lots of fish and other sea creatures researchers make sure that the materials are
were attracted to them. The wrecks became stable and environmentally safe. On 10 June
a place where they could find food or shelter 2002, an old transport ship, Spiegel Grove,
to hide from predators. was deliberately sunk off the coast of Florida
to create the world’s largest artificial reef.

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