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3 Vocabulary Match the words below with the pictures a-d and the definitions 1 4.

• smog • acid rain • oil spills • toxic waste

a b c d

1. a layer of oil on the 2. a mixture of smoke and 3. rain containing acids 4. materials containing
surface of the water fog caused by car fumes which are harmful chemicals which are
which comes from ships and factory gases especially to trees and no longer used and
forests are pumped into
rivers, lakes and seas
4 Grammar

Passive Voice ( Present Perfect Simple – Future will – Modal verbs)

ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

Present Perfect Simple Factories have polluted many rivers. Many rivers have been polluted by
factories.

Future will They will clean up the beach. The beach will be cleaned up.

Modal verbs (can, People can save the environment. The environment can be saved.
could, may, might, © MM Publications
Trees shouldn’t be cut down.
They shouldn’t cut down trees.
must, should, have to)

Rewrite the sentences using the Passive Voice. Start with the words given.
1. They will plant more trees in my neighbourhood. 3. The government has ined lots of factories for
More trees . polluting rivers.
2. People shouldn’t throw rubbish in the sea. Lots of factories .
Rubbish . 4. People must use cars less in the city centre to reduce
the smog.
Cars .

5 Speak

Talk in pairs. Discuss the problems below and say what
should/can/must be done. Use the ideas in the box. • higher ines / give
• cars / use / less
• glass / paper / recycle
• money / give / organisations
• factories / move away / from cities
• environment / protect / by
There is too Factories and Oil spills harm People produce governments
much smog farms pollute sea birds. too much
in cities. rivers. rubbish. • cars / not allow / in city centres
• oil / remove / from feathers / with
There is too much smog in cities. What do you think should be done? washing-up liquid
I think cars should be used less.

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