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Grammar Reference

Passive Voice II

Module 6 • The verbs make, see, hear, etc. are followed by
a bare in initive in the Active Voice but in the
Passive Voice they are followed by a full in initive.
Passive Voice I My mum made me eat the soup.
I was made to eat the soup.
Use
We use the Passive Voice to emphasise the action • Verbs like believe, consider, know, expect, report,
rather than who or what is responsible for it. say, think, understand, etc. which are followed by
a that-clause in the Active Voice, form the Passive
Formation Voice in two di ferent ways.
The Passive Voice is formed with the verb be in the People believe that he is very rich.
appropriate form and the past participle of the verb The Passive Voice can be formed in two ways:
of the sentence.
• It + passive form of verb + that-clause
A bag was bought by Anna.Publications
It is believed that he is very rich.
NOTE • subject + passive form of verb + to + base form
The person who causes or carries out the action is He is believed to be very rich.
called an agent and is preceded by the preposition by.
We usually omit the agent: All / Both / Neither / None / Either
• when the action interests us more than the agent. • All is used for more than two people or things. It is
• when we don’t know the agent. used in a irmative sentences and takes a plural verb.
• when it is easy to igure out who the agent is.
Anna, Mary and Bill are going to a concert. They are
My bag was stolen! (by someone who we do not know) all very excited. / All of them are very excited.
BMW cars are made in Germany. (by factory workers)
• Both is used for two people, things, etc. It is used in
a irmative sentences and takes a plural verb.
ACTIVE VOICE SUBJECT VERB OBJECT Bill and Ted are cousins. Both of them are in a team. /
Anna bought a bag. They are both in a team.
• Neither is used for two people, things, etc. It is used
© MM
PASSIVE VOICE SUBJECT VERB AGENT in a irmative sentences and gives them a negative
meaning. It takes a singular or plural verb.
Patty and Monica want to get a cat. Neither of them
have/has had a pet before.
PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE • None is used for more than two people, things, etc.
I am called I was called It is used in a irmative sentences and gives them a
Are you called? Were you called? negative meaning. It takes a singular or plural verb.
They aren’t called They weren’t called All my friends love pop music. None of them likes/
like jazz.
PRESENT • Either is used for two people, things, etc. It means
PERFECT SIMPLE one or the other (it doesn’t matter which of the two).
A: Should we order Italian or Chinese?
I’ve been called
Have you been called? B: Either. I don’t mind.
They haven’t been called
Module 7
FUTURE WILL MODAL VERBS
I’ll be called I can be called Reported Speech (Statements)
Will you be called? Should you be called? In Direct Speech, we repeat the exact words that
They won’t be called They mustn’t be called
someone said. We usually use the verb say and the
words of the speaker are put in quotation marks.
NOTE Irina says, ‘Tina doesn't like apples.’
In Reported Speech, we report the meaning of what
Look at the list of irregular verbs.
someone said, without using their exact words. We use
a reporting verb, usually say or tell, followed by that
(which can be omitted) and the reported statement.
Irina says that Tina doesn't like apples.
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