Page 119 - PortalToEnglish_4_SB_SE

The reporting verb is in the Present tense when the Reported Speech (Commands and Requests)
sentence expresses a general truth, something that
someone says often or the initial words are true at
the moment or reporting.
Kevin says this Chinese restaurant is very good.
Julie tells us her daughter is good at maths.
Our biology teacher says we should study more.
NOTE
• We use say when there is no indirect object.
‘I can’t ix cars,’ he says.
He says that he can't ix cars.
• We use tell when there is an indirect object.
want to know. © MM Publications
'They plan to cancel the event,' Julia tells us.
Julia tells us (that) they plan to cancel the
event.
Reporting verbs
There are a number of reporting verbs used in Reported
Speech.
• verb + full in initive (promise, refuse, etc.)
‘I won't wash the car for you,’ says Ryan.
Ryan refuses to wash the car for me.
• verb + object + full in initive (advise, ask, order,
remind, warn, etc.)
‘You should drive more carefully, Mark,’ Tina always
says.
Tina always advises Mark to drive more carefully.
• verb + that-clause (agree, complain, inform sb,
promise, etc.)
‘You never listen to me,’ he says.
He complains that I never listen to him.
Reported Speech (Questions)
• We usually introduce reported questions with the
reporting verbs ask, wonder and the expression
• Reported questions follow the word order of
a irmative sentences.
‘Why did you go to the doctor?’ he is asking.
He wants to know why I went to the doctor.
• If the direct question begins with a question word,
the reported question also begins with the same
question word.
‘Where are you going?’ she is asking Peter.
She is asking Peter where he is going.
• If the direct question does not begin with a question disagree with an a irmative statement, but we don’t
word, the reported question begins with if or
whether.
Can I help with something? he is asking.
He is asking me if/whether he can help with
something.
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• We commonly use tell, beg, command, advise,
warn or order when we report commands and ask
when we report requests.
• The Imperative changes to to + base form or
not + to + base form.
‘Sit down, Rex,’ said Dan.
Dan told Rex to sit down.
‘Don’t tell anyone, please,’ Laura said.
Laura asked me not to tell anyone.
NOTE
When the request is in question form, in Reported
Speech it usually changes to to + base form.
‘Will you lend me that book, please?’ Kate asked me.
Kate asked me if/whether I would lend her that book.
Kate asked me to lend her that book.
so / neither / too / either
To express agreement or similarity
• We use So + a irmative auxiliary verb + subject or
subject + a irmative auxiliary verb + too when we
agree with an a irmative statement, but we don’t want
to repeat it.
A: I play the piano.
B: So do I. / I do too.
A: Sandra has already seen this ilm.
B: So have I. / I have too.
• We use Neither + a irmative auxiliary verb + subject
or subject + negative auxiliary verb + either when we
agree with a negative statement, but we don’t want to
repeat it.
A: James can’t swim.
B: Neither can I. / I can’t either.
A: Lisa won’t go to the barbecue.
B: Neither will I. / I won’t either.
NOTE
To express disagreement:
• We use subject + a irmative auxiliary verb when
we disagree with a negative statement, but we don’t
want to repeat it.
A: I can’t ride a bike.
B: I can.
• We use subject + negative auxiliary verb when we
want to repeat it.
A: I’ve been to Paris twice.
B: I haven’t.
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