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Grammar Reference

some/any/no/every
• some + uncountable / plural countable nouns in affirmative sentences and offers.
 There is some orange juice in the fridge.
 Would you like some chips?
• any + uncountable / plural countable nouns in questions and negative sentences.
 Is there any orange juice in the fridge?
 There aren’t any chips on the table.
• no (= not any) + uncountable / plural countable nouns in affirmative sentences to give a negative meaning.
 There is no cheese in the fridge. = There isn’t any cheese in the fridge.
• every + singular countable nouns
 Every family in this town has got a car.

Note:
Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns
• We can count them. • We cannot count them.
• We can use a/an and numbers before them. • We cannot use a/an or numbers before
• They have singular and plural forms. them, but we often use some and any.
 one orange  five posters  a lamp • They only have singular forms.
 rice  water  pasta
• We use would like + noun or to + base form of the verb in
affirmative sentences to talk about something we want to do.
 I would like an apple.
 I would like to eat an apple.

Compounds of some, any, no and every

some any no every

no one
anyone
someone © MM Publications
everyone
People
somebody anybody nobody everybody
Things something anything nothing everything
Places somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere

• These compounds always go with singular verbs.
 Someone is behind the door.
 Everybody here works hard.
• We use the compounds of no in affirmative sentences with a negative meaning.
 There was nobody in the office.
• We use the compounds of any in questions and negative sentences.
 Do you need anything else?
 I can’t find my glasses anywhere.
Personal Pronouns - Possessive Adjectives - Possessive Pronouns

PERSONAL POSSESSIVE POSSESSIVE • Subject personal pronouns are used as subjects and go
PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS before the verb.
 Look at that girl. She’s beautiful!
SUBJECT OBJECT
• Object personal pronouns are used after verbs as
I me my mine objects or after prepositions.
you you your yours  Look at him! He’s my brother.
• Possessive adjectives always go before nouns and do
he him his his
not take articles before them.
she her her hers  Her hat is green.
it it its - • Possessive pronouns replace possessive adjectives +
noun, so they are never followed by nouns. They can be
we us our ours
used as short answers to questions starting with whose.
you you your yours  Your bag is brown, but mine is black.
 That cat is hers.
they them their theirs
 A: Whose is this ball?
B: It’s his. 113

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