Page 126 - ToTheTop2030_2_SE

Grammar Reference

QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
Do I/we/you/they have to go? Yes, I/we/you/they do. No, I/we/you/they don’t.
Does he/she/it have to go? Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it doesn’t.

• We use must and have to / has to to express obligation in the present and future.
 I must / have to wash the car today.
• We use mustn’t to express prohibition. We can also use can’t.
 You mustn’t / can’t be late again!
• We use don’t / doesn’t have to to express absence of obligation.
 You don’t have to come early tomorrow. It isn’t necessary.

Note:
© MM Publications
• The past tense of must and have to is had to and expresses obligation in the past.
The negative form didn’t have to expresses absence of obligation in the past.
She didn’t go to work because she had to take her son to the hospital.
• In formal contexts, we can use the Imperative to show what someone must or
mustn’t do.
To upload the pictures, click on the green button.

Module 7

The verb should

The verb should
AFFIRMATIVE I/He/She/It/We/You/They should go
NEGATIVE I/He/She/It/We/You/They shouldn’t go

QUESTIONS Should I/he/she/it/we/you/they go?
Yes, I/he/she/it/we/you/they should.
SHORT
ANSWERS No, I/he/she/it/we/you/they shouldn’t.

We use should:
• to ask for and give advice.
 What should I do?
 You shouldn’t work so hard.
• to express an opinion.
 I think the children should eat more fruit.
• to make a suggestion.
 We should go to the cinema. There’s a nice film on.

-ing form
We use the -ing form (base form of the verb + -ing) as a noun. We use -ing forms:
• as subjects.
 Exercising is good for your health.
• after certain verbs: like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, continue, stop, finish, start, keep, avoid, etc.
 Keep going and you’ll find the post office.
• after certain expressions: don’t mind, can’t stand, be interested in, How about...?, etc.
 I can’t stand being ill.
• after prepositions.
 We use a toothbrush for brushing our teeth.

124

7/7/2023 10:59:09 πµ
ToTheTop2030_SRB_2_SB_GrammarReference.indd 124
ToTheTop2030_SRB_2_SB_GrammarReference.indd 124 7/7/2023 10:59:09 πµ