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Grammar Reference

• warnings and threats.
 Be quiet or I’ll tell the teacher.
• promises.
 I promise, I’ll be there for you.
• requests.
 Will you do me a favour?

Conditional Sentences Type 1

We use Conditional Sentences Type 1 for something which is likely to happen in the present or future.
IF-CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE EXAMPLES

Future will  If I like the car, I’ll buy it.

Modal Verbs  If you want to get into the museum, you
If + Present Simple
(can, may, might, must) must buy a ticket.

Imperative  If you don’t feel well, go to bed.

Module 5

Present Perfect Simple

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS
FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS
I have played I’ve played I have not played I haven’t played Have I played?

You have played No, I haven’t. © MM Publications Have you played?
You haven’t played
You’ve played
You have not played
He has played He’s played He has not played He hasn’t played Has he played?
She has played She’s played She has not played She hasn’t played Has she played?
It has played It’s played It has not played It hasn’t played Has it played?

We have played We’ve played We have not played We haven’t played Have we played?
You have played You’ve played You have not played You haven’t played Have you played?

They have played They’ve played They have not played They haven’t played Have they played?

SHORT ANSWERS
• We form the Present Perfect Simple with have/has and the
Yes, I have. past participle of the verb. The past participle of regular verbs
Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. is the same as the Past Simple (verb + -ed).
• For a list of irregular verbs go to the back of the book.
Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
• We use the Present Perfect Simple:
Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
- for actions which happened in the past, but we don’t
Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t. mention when exactly.
 I’ve visited the National History Museum, so I don’t want to
Yes, we have. No, we haven’t. go there again.

Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. - for actions that happened in the past and their results are
obvious in the present.
Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.  Look! Jerry has broken his leg!

TIME EXPRESSIONS
always, ever, never, before, so far, yet, already, just, once, twice, etc.

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