Page 111 - PortalToEnglish_4_SB_SE

Module 1 NOTE

Present Simple vs Present Progressive The verbs see, hear, smell, taste and feel are
commonly used with can to indicate an action
We use the We use the happening now.
Present Simple: Present Progressive: I can hear a strange noise coming from the kitchen.
• for permanent states. • for temporary states.
Sam works in a bank. I’m taking a language
tiv
es and superla
a
ompar
Comparatives and superlatives
tiv
es
course this month. C C ompar a tiv es and superla tiv es
• for habits or actions • for actions happening at of adjectives and adverbs
that happen regularly. the moment of speaking. • We use the comparative of adjectives and adverbs
I always eat an egg for The cat is eating now. when we compare two people, animals or things.
breakfast. Adjectives and adverbs are usually followed by than.
• for general truths. • for future arrangements. Peter is taller than James.
Water boils at 100 °C. We’re visiting Ireland this Living with your family can be easier than living on
summer. your own.
• for an action that takes • We use the superlative of adjectives and adverbs
place according to a when we compare one person, animal or thing with
schedule. several of the same kind. Adjectives and adverbs
My plane leaves at always take the de inite article the and are usually
12 o’clock. followed by the prepositions of or in.
That’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read.
TIME EXPRESSIONS My brother drives the most carefully of all of us.
PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
usually, always, often, now, at the moment, All one-syllable and most short - shorter - the shortest
occasionally, hardly ever, etc. at present two-syllable adjectives happy - happier - the happiest
every day/week, etc. today, these days take -er/-est big - bigger - the biggest
in the morning/spring, etc. this week/year, etc. Adjectives with three or
on Mondays/Monday tonight, tomorrow, etc. more syllables and some interesting -
morning, etc. next week/year, etc. two-syllable adjectives more interesting -
take: more + adjective /
at the weekend, etc. © MM Publications the most interesting
once/twice/three times, etc. most + adjective
a week/day, etc. All one-syllable adverbs fast - faster - the fastest
and early take -er/-est early - earlier - the earliest
Stative Verbs Adverbs with two or carefully -
The following verbs are not normally used in more syllables take: more more carefully -
progressive tenses. They are called stative verbs. + adverb / most + adverb the most carefully
• Verbs of the senses: feel, see, hear, smell, taste,
notice, seem, look (= seem), appear, etc.
• Verbs of emotions and preferences: love, hate, like, IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
dislike, want, need, prefer, mind, fancy, wish, etc. POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
• Verbs of perception and opinion: think (= believe), FORM FORM FORM
believe, know, understand, agree, remember, forget, good/well better the best
hope, mean, imagine, remind, suppose, expect, bad/badly worse the worst
promise, guess, disagree, etc. little less the least
• Other verbs: be, have (= possess), own, belong, cost, many / much more the most
owe, etc. far farther/further the farthest/furthest
NOTE

Some stative verbs can be used in progressive Other forms of comparison
tenses, but with a di ferent meaning.
• think (= process in one’s mind) • less + adjective/adverb + than
I’m thinking about my summer holidays. The jumper is less expensive than the shirt.
• see (= meet, visit) Terry sings less terribly than his sister.
He’s seeing the doctor tomorrow morning. • the least + adjective/adverb + of/in
• have (= drink, eat, take) This is the least interesting book in the world!
She’s having dinner with a friend. • as + adjective/adverb + as
• taste (= try food) The skirt is as colourful as the shirt.
Mum’s tasting the soup to see if it’s ready. Kelly runs as fast as Linda.
• look (= see) • not as/so + adjective/adverb + as
Why are you looking at me? The jumper isn’t as expensive as the shirt.
Kelly doesn’t run as/so fast as Linda.
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