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Grammar Reference

• We use a lot of / lots of / loads of with uncountable and plural countable nouns, usually in affirmative
sentences.
 There is a lot of coffee in my cup.
 There are lots of / loads of apples in the fridge.
• We use a little with uncountable nouns, in affirmative sentences.
 There is a little cheese on the table.
• We use a few with plural countable nouns, in affirmative sentences.
 There are a few magazines on the table.

Relative Pronouns/Adverbs
• The relative pronouns who, which, that, whose and the adverb where introduce relative clauses.

Pronouns ExamPlEs
The man who/that is driving that sports car is my
PEoPlE who/that uncle.
The teacher (who/that) I like the most is Mrs Robins.

THInGs The bag which/that is on the desk is mine.
anImals which/that The documentary (which/that) I watched last night
IDEas was terrible.

PossEssIon whose The man whose wallet you found is over there.

aDVErB ExamPlE
PlaCE where © MM Publications
The place where I live is beautiful!

Note:
• Who, which and that can be omitted when they are the object of the verb in the
relative clause, but cannot be omitted when they are the subject of the verb in
the relative clause.
 Mrs Robins is the teacher. I like her the most.
 Mrs Robins is the teacher (who) I like the most.
• Whose and where can never be omitted or replaced with that.

Must / Have to

The verb must
AffiRMATive I/He/She/It/We/You/They must go

NeGATive I/He/She/It/We/You/They mustn’t go

QUeSTiONS Must I/he/she/it/we/you/they go?
Yes, I/he/she/it/we/you/they must.
SHORT
ANSWeRS No, I/he/she/it/we/you/they mustn’t.

The verb have to
AffiRMATive NeGATive
I/We/You/They have to go I/We/You/They don’t have to go
He/She/It has to go He/She/It doesn’t have to go

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