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Grammar Reference

Hello The verb can

The verb be AFFIRMATIVE

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE I/You/He/She/It can dance
We/You/They
FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS
I am I'm I am not I'm not NEGATIVE
You are You're You are not You aren't I/You/He/She/It can’t (cannot) dance
He is He’s He is not He isn’t We/You/They
She is She's She is not She isn't
It is It’s It is not It isn’t QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
We are We’re We are not We aren’t I/you/he/she/it
You are You're You are not You aren't Yes, can.
we/you/they
They are They’re They are not They aren’t Can I/you/he/she/it dance?
we/you/they I/you/he/she/it
No, can’t.
QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS we/you/they
Am I? Yes, I am. No, I'm not. We use the verb can to express ability: He can swim.
Are you? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. There is / There are
Is he? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
Is she? Yes, she is. No, she isn't. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
Is it? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
Are we? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. FULL SHORT FULL SHORT
Are you? Yes, you are. No, you aren't. FORMS FORMS FORMS FORMS
Are they? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. singular There is There’s There is not There isn’t
We usually use short forms when we speak and full forms plural There are  There are not There aren’t
when we write.
QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
The verb have got
singular Is there...? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
We use the verb have got:
• to express possession. plural Are there...? Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
I’ve got a computer.
• to describe people, animals and things. • We use there is before singular nouns.
Mary has got fair hair. There's a bathroom upstairs.
Is there a swimming pool in the palace?
AFFIRMATIVE • We use there are before plural nouns.
There are ten bedrooms in the castle.
I/You/We/They ’ve (=have) got Are there two bins in the classroom?
He/She/It ’s (=has) got
Plural forms
NEGATIVE
REGULAR NOUNS
I/You/We/They haven’t (=have not) got
He/She/It hasn’t (=has not) got • most nouns take -s (in the dog  dogs
plural) computer  computers
QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
• nouns ending in -s, -ch, -sh, -x, box  boxes
Yes, I/you/we/they have. -o, take -es watch  watches
Have I/you/we/they got? Yes, he/she/it has. BUT
No, I/you/we/they haven’t. kilo  kilos
Has he/she/it got?
No, he/she/it hasn’t. • nouns ending in a consonant country  countries
+ -y, drop the -y and take -ies BUT
Possessive adjectives boy  boys
• nouns ending in -f or -fe, take scarf  scarves
PERSONAL POSSESSIVE -ves
PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES
IRREGULAR NOUNS
I my
you your man  men person  people
he his woman  women mouse  mice
she her • Possessive adjectives child  children ish  ish
it its go before nouns, foot  feet sheep  sheep
we our without articles. tooth  teeth
you your She is my friend. • Adjectives do not have a plural form.
they their
Her name is Emma. This is an old umbrella.  These are old umbrellas.

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