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Grammar Reference

• Possessive adjectives always go before nouns and do
I buy J17 every week.
I like playing tennis. not take articles before them.
Mike’s favourite colour is green. Her hat is green.
They speak French. • Possessive pronouns replace possessive
• before names of squares, parks and lakes. adjectives + noun, so they are never followed by nouns.
Trafalgar Square, Central Park, Lake Winnipeg They can be used as short answers to questions starting
• before the words hospital, school, work, home, bed, with whose.
church, prison and university when they are used for the Your bag is brown, but mine is black.
purpose for which they exist. That cat is hers.
Steve was tired and went to bed. Whose is this ball? It’s his.
• before the words breakfast, lunch and dinner.
We went to grandma’s for lunch.
Possessive case
one/ones
• We use one when we don’t want to repeat a We use the possessive case to express possession.
singular countable noun. Formation
Which coat is yours? The black one.
• We use ones when we don’t want to repeat a plural Singular nouns take ’s. This is the girl’s bag.
countable noun. This is Tom’s car.
Which shoes do you like? The brown ones. Regular plural nouns take ’. That’s my parents’ house.
Irregular plural nouns take ’s. Here’s the children’s room.
How much...? / How many...? / Much / Many / When two or more people
A lot of / Lots of / Loads of / A little / A few own the same thing, we This is Mary and Ben’s lat.
add ’s only to the last owner.
• We use How much...? with uncountable nouns to When two or more people
ask about the quantity of something. own two or more di ferent
How much milk is there? things, we add ’s to each These are John’s and
owner. Rick’s bikes.
NOTE: We also use How much...? to ask about the cost
or price of something.
How much are these shoes? 100?
NOTE: We use of + noun to show that something
• We use How many...? with plural countable nouns to ask belongs to a thing or to an abstract noun.
about the number of something. The windows of this house are very big.
How many cans of lemonade do we need?
• We use much with uncountable nouns, in questions
and in negative sentences.
We haven't got much money.
• We use many with plural countable nouns, usually in
questions and in negative sentences.
There aren't many books in the bookcase.
• We use a lot of/lots of/loads of with uncountable
and plural countable nouns, usually in affirmative
sentences.
There is a lot of co fee in my cup.
There are lots of/loads of apples in the fridge.
• We use a little with uncountable nouns, in affirmative
sentences.
There is a little cheese on the table.
• We use a few with plural countable nouns, in affirmative
sentences.
There are a few magazines on the table.

Possessive Adjectives - Possessive Pronouns
Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns
my mine
your yours
his his
her hers
its -
our ours
your yours
their theirs

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