Page 111 - GTTT_3_SB_SE

Grammar Reference

• We use must and have to/has to to express
obligation in the present and future. NEGATIVE
I must/have to wash the car today.
• We use mustn’t to express prohibition. FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS
You mustn’t be late again! I have not played I haven't played
• We use don’t/doesn’t have to to express absence of You have not played You haven't played
obligation. He has not played He hasn't played
You don’t have to come early tomorrow. It isn’t She has not played She hasn't played
necessary. It has not played It hasn't played
• We use can to express permission. We have not played We haven't played
You can use my mobile phone to call your mum. You have not played You haven't played
They have not played They haven't played
NOTE: The past tense of must and have to is had
to and expresses obligation in the past. The
negative form didn’t have to expresses absence QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
of obligation in the past. Have I played? Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
Have you played? Yes, you have. No, you haven't.
Zero Conditional Has he played? Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.
Has she played? Yes, she has. No, she hasn't.
if-clause Main clause Has it played? Yes, it has. No, it hasn't.
If/When + Present Simple Present Simple Have we played? Yes, we have. No, we haven't.
Have you played? Yes, you have. No, you haven't.
The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths/ Have they played? Yes, they have. No, they haven't.
facts.
If/When you press the button, the machine starts. • We form the Present Perfect Simple with have/has and
the past participle of the verb. The past participle of
Conditional Sentences Type 1 regular verbs is the same as the Past Simple
(verb + - ed).
We use Conditional Sentences Type 1 for something
which is likely to happen in the present or future. NOTE: For a list of irregular verbs go to page 112.
if - clause Main clause
Future will We use the Present Perfect Simple:
If + Present Simple Modal Verbs (can, may, might, must) • for actions which happened in the past, but we don't

Imperative mention when exactly.
I’ve visited the National History Museum, so I don’t want
If I like the car, I’ll buy it. to go there again.
If you want to get into the museum, you must buy a ticket. • for actions that happened in the past and their results
If you don't feel well, go to bed. are obvious in the present.
Look! Jerry has broken his leg!
Let’s... / How about...? / What about...? /
Why don’t we/you...? / Shall we...? TIME EXPRESSIONS
To make suggestions we use: always, ever, never, before, so far, yet, already, just,
• let’s + the base form of the verb. once, twice, etc.
Let's go out tonight.
• How/What about...? + -ing form.
How about going to the cinema? Present Perfect Simple vs Past Simple
• Why don’t we/you...? + the base form of the verb.
Why don’t we go shopping today? We use the Present We use the
• Shall we...? + the base form of the verb. Perfect Simple: Past Simple:
Shall we go for a walk after lunch? • for actions that happened • for actions that happened
in the past, but we don’t at a definite time in the
Module 6 say when exactly. past. We say when.
I have visited Rome. I visited Rome last year.
Present Perfect Simple

• with the time expressions: • with the time expressions:
AFFIRMATIVE ever, never, before, yesterday, in 1995, ago,
so far, just, yet, already, last week/month, etc.
FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS
always, for, since.
I have played I've played
You have played You've played NOTE: • have/has gone means that someone has gone
He has played He's played somewhere and is still there.
She has played She's played Beth has gone to the supermarket. (She’s still
It has played It's played there).
We have played We've played • have/has been means that someone has visited
You have played You've played a place but has come back.
Beth has been to Barcelona. (Now she’s back)
They have played They've played

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