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Grammar Reference

Hello Possessive case

The verb be We use the possessive case to express possession.
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE FORMATION
FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS This is the girl’s bag.
I am I'm I am not I'm not Singular nouns take ’s. This is Tom’s car.
You are You're You are not You aren't
He is He’s He is not He isn’t Regular plural nouns take ’. That’s my parents’ house.
She is She's She is not She isn't
It is It’s It is not It isn’t Irregular plural nouns take ’s. Here’s the children’s room.
We are We’re We are not We aren’t When two or more people
You are You're You are not You aren't own the same thing, we add This is Louise and Kev’s
They are They’re They are not They aren’t lat.
’s only to the last owner.
QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS When two or more people
Am I? Yes, I am. No, I’m not. own two or more di ferent These are Bob’s and Rick’s
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Are you? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. things, we add ’s to each bikes.
Is he? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. owner.
Is she? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
Is it? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
Are we? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. NOTE
Are you? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. We use of + noun to show that something
Are they? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
belongs to a thing or to an abstract noun.
Short forms are more common in spoken language The windows of this house are very big.
and in informal writing.
epositions of plac
Pr
e
Mr Williams isn’t a geography teacher. He’s a history Prepositions of place
teacher. in The book is in the bag.
The verb have got
on The book is on the desk.
• We use the verb have got:
- to express possession. u nd e r
under The cat is under the table.
I’ve got a computer.
- to talk about family and relationships. There is / There are
He’s got two brothers. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
- to describe people, animals and things. FULL SHORT FULL SHORT
Mary has got fair hair. FORMS FORMS FORMS FORMS
AFFIRMATIVE singular There is There’s There is not There isn’t
I/You/We/They ’ve (=have) got plural There are  There are not There aren’t
He/She/It ’s (=has) got
NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
I/You/We/They haven’t (=have not) got singular Is there...? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
He/She/It hasn’t (=has not) got
plural Are there...? Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS • We use there is with singular nouns.
Yes, I/you/we/they have. There's a chair in my bedroom.
Have I/you/we/they got? No, I/you/we/they haven’t. Is there a watch in my bag?
Yes, he/she/it has.
Has he/she/it got? • We use there are with plural nouns.
No, he/she/it hasn’t.
There are four books on my desk.
Possessive adjectives Are there two bathrooms in your house?
PERSONAL POSSESSIVE Possessive
PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES
adjectives go
I my before nouns,
you your without articles.
he his He is my friend.
she her His name is Ted.
it its
we our
you your
they their
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