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Grammar Reference SUPERLATIVE
Module 3 adjective John is the tallest boy
+ -est
in his class.
the + + of/in
Must/Have to most + This watch is the most
adjective expensive of all.
THE VERB MUST
AFFIRMATIVE I/You/He/She/It/We/You/They must go clean cleaner
NEGATIVE I/You/He/She/It/We/You/They mustn’t go All one-syllable and the cleanest
most two syllable
QUESTIONS Must I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they go? quiet quieter
adjectives take -er/est:
SHORT Yes, I/he/she/it/we/you/they must. the quietest
ANSWERS No, I/he/she/it/we/you/they mustn’t. One-syllable adjectives nice nicer
ending in -e, take -r/-st: the nicest
THE VERB HAVE TO One-syllable adjectives
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE ending in one vowel + hot hotter
one consonant, double
I/We/You/They have to go I/We/You/They don’t have to go the consonant before the hottest
absence of obligation in the past. © MM Publications
He/She/It has to go He/She/It doesn’t have to go
the -er/-est:
QUESTIONS Adjectives ending in a easy easier
consonant + -y, drop
Do I/we/you/they have to go? the -y and take -ier/-iest the easiest
Does he/she/it have to go?
Adjectives with three expensive
SHORT ANSWERS or more syllables and more expensive
some two-syllable
Yes, I/we/you/they do. No, I/we/you/they don’t. adjectives take the most expensive
Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it doesn’t. careful more careful
more + adjective /
most + adjective: the most careful
• We use must and have to/has to to express
obligation in the present and future. IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
I must/have to wash the car today.
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
• We use mustn’t to express prohibition. FORM FORM FORM
You mustn’t be late again!
good better the best
• We use don’t/doesn’t have to to express absence bad worse the worst
of obligation. many / much more the most
You don’t have to come early tomorrow. It isn’t far farther/further the farthest/
necessary. furthest
NOTE NOTE
The past tense of must and have to is had Other ways of comparison:
to and expresses obligation in the past. • as + adjective + as
The negative form didn’t have to expresses Debbie’s as tall as her brother.
• not as + adjective + as
Geography isn’t as interesting as history.
• less + adjective + than
Kelly is less beautiful than Debbie.
Comparative and Superlative Forms • the least + adjective + of/in
History is less interesting than science, but
• We use the comparative form of adjectives when maths is the least interesting subject of all.
we compare two people, animals or things.
• We use the superlative form of adjectives when Prepositions of place
we compare one person, animal or thing with
several of the same kind. next to The museum is next to the post o ice.
in front of The bus stop is in front of the museum.
FORMATION
COMPARATIVE opposite The library is opposite the museum.
between The museum is between the bank
adjective + -er John is older than Peter.
and the post o ice.
+ than My watch is more
more + adjective behind The park is behind the museum.
expensive than Diana’s.
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