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If I like the car, I’ll buy it. I’ve visited the National History Museum, so I don’t
If you want to get into the museum, you must buy want to go there again.
a ticket. • for actions that happened in the past and their
results are obvious in the present.
If you don't feel well, go to bed.
Look! Jerry has broken his leg!
NOTE TIME EXPRESSIONS

When the if-clause comes before the main always, ever, never, before, so far, yet,
clause, put a comma to separate them. already, just, once, twice, etc.

Module 6 Present Perfect Simple vs Past Simple

Present Perfect Simple We use the Present We use the Past Simple:
Perfect Simple:
• for actions that happened • for actions that happened
AFFIRMATIVE
in the past, but we don’t at a de inite time in the
FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS say when exactly. past. We say when.
I have played I’ve played I have visited Rome. I visited Rome last year.
Has it played? © MM Publications
You have played You’ve played • with the time expressions: • with the time expressions:
He has played He’s played ever, never, before, so far, yesterday, in 1995, ago,
She has played She’s played just, yet, already, always, last week/month, etc.
It has played It’s played for, since, once, twice, etc.
We have played We’ve played
You have played You’ve played NOTE
They have played They’ve played
• have/has gone means that someone has gone
somewhere and is still there.
NEGATIVE Lisa has gone to the supermarket. (She’s still there.)
FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS
• have/has been means that someone has visited a
I have not played I haven’t played place but has come back.
You have not played You haven’t played Lisa has been to Barcelona. (Now she’s back.)
He has not played He hasn’t played
She has not played She hasn’t played yet/already
It has not played It hasn’t played
We have not played We haven’t played • yet is used only with the question and negative form
You have not played You haven’t played of verbs. It is placed at the end of the sentence.
They have not played They haven’t played Have you inished yet?
He hasn’t arrived yet.
• already is used with the affirmative and question
QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
form of verbs. It is placed between the auxiliary
Have I played? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. and the main verb, or at the end of the sentence for
Have you played? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. emphasis.
Has he played? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. I’ve already seen that ilm.
Has she played? Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. You’ve inished eating already!
Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t.
Have we played? Yes, we have. No, we haven’t. Present Perfect with since/for/how long
Have you played? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. We use the Present Perfect with for, since and
Have they played? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. how long for actions that started in the past
and continue up to the present.
We form the Present Perfect Simple with How long have
have/has and the past participle of the verb. you had this car?
The past participle of regular verbs is the same as since + a point in time
the Past Simple (verb + - ed). (e.g since 1980, since yesterday,
since last week, since 4 a.m.) I’ve had this car
NOTE It refers to the time when the action since 1999.

Look at the list of irregular verbs. started.
for + a period of time
(e.g for two weeks, for three days, for I’ve had this car
We use the Present Perfect Simple:
• for actions which happened in the past, but we ive minutes, for months) for six years.
don't mention when exactly. It refers to the duration of the action.

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