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-ing form Module 8

We use the -ing form (base form of the verb + -ing) Reported Speech
as a noun. We use -ing forms: (Commands and Requests)
• as subjects.
Smoking is a bad habit. • We commonly use tell or order when we report
commands and ask when we report requests.
• after certain verbs: like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer,
continue, stop, inish, start, keep, avoid, begin, • The Imperative changes to to + base form or
imagine, practise, suggest, risk, spend (time), etc. not + to + base form.
Keep going and you’ll ind the post o ice. ‘Stay there,’ said the man.
The man told me to stay there.
• after certain expressions: don’t mind, can’t stand, be
interested in, it’s worth, How/What about...?, I look ‘Don’t take this away, please,’ she said.
forward to, be good at, can’t help, feel like, etc. She asked me not to take that away.
I can’t stand being ill.
• after prepositions.
We use a toothbrush for brushing our teeth. Subject - Object Questions
• after the verb go to indicate activities. • Subject Questions: When we use the question words
© MM Publications
I go swimming every weekend. who, which and what to ask about the subject of the
verb, we form the question without auxiliary verbs
(who/which/what + verb in the a irmative form).
NOTE
Who saw the accident? Tom (saw the accident).
• The verbs like, dislike, love, hate, start, begin are What happened outside? An accident (happened).
followed by a full in initive or an -ing form without any
significant difference in meaning. • Object Questions: When we use the question words
I like having / to have lunch in the garden. who, which and what to ask about the object of
the verb, we form the question with auxiliary verbs
• The verbs stop and remember are followed either by
a full in initive or an -ing form, but with a different (who/which/what + verb in the question form).
meaning. Who did you see
Dan stopped watching TV. (=Dan no longer watches TV.) at the restaurant? (I saw) Tom and June.
Dan stopped to watch TV. (=Dan stopped what he was What are you eating? (I’m eating) Chinese food.
doing in order to watch TV.)
I remember locking the door. (=I locked the door.
I remember the action.)
I remembered to lock the door. (=I didn’t forget to lock
the door.)

Negative Questions
Negative questions are formed with:
Auxiliary Verb + n’t (short form of not) + Subject + Main
Verb.
We use negative questions:
• to express emotions (e.g. surprise, anger, annoyance).
Haven’t you been to the city centre before?
Can’t you do anything right?
• when we expect the listener to agree with us.
Don’t you want to come to the theatre with us?
We reply to negative questions the same way we reply
to regular questions.

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