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may / might / could Present Simple Passive
AFFIRMATIVE
• We use may, might and could to express possibility
in the present or future. Might expresses slight I am
possibility. He/She/It is called/given
We may/might/could go to the Summer Festival next We/You/They are
weekend.
NEGATIVE
NOTE I am not
He/She/It isn’t called/given
We use may not / might not to express lack
of possibility in the present or future. We/You/They aren’t
Henry may not / might not be able to join us.
QUESTIONS
Am I
Is he/she/it called/given?
must / can’t Are we/you/they

Must and can’t express a logical deduction and refer
to the present. Past Simple Passive
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• We use must to express a positive deduction. AFFIRMATIVE
John has been working all day. He must be tired.
I/He/She/It was
• We use can’t to express a negative deduction. We/You/They were called/given
Sue can’t be at home. I saw her at the bus stop ive
minutes ago. NEGATIVE

I/He/She/It wasn’t called/given
Module 6 We/You/They weren’t

Passive Voice QUESTIONS

Use Was I/he/she/it called/given?
We use the Passive Voice to emphasise the action rather Were we/you/they
than who or what is responsible for it.
Formation
The Passive Voice is formed with the verb be in the Present Perfect Simple Passive
appropriate form and the past participle of the main verb. AFFIRMATIVE
I/You/We/They have been called/given
NOTE He/She/It has been

The person who causes or carries out the action is NEGATIVE
called an agent and is preceded by the preposition by.
We usually omit the agent: I/You/We/They haven’t been called/given
• when the action interests us more than the agent. He/She/It hasn’t been
• when we don’t know the agent.
• when it is easy to igure out who the agent is. QUESTIONS
My iles were deleted. Have I/you/we/they
(by someone who we do not know) Has he/she/it been called/given?
BMW cars are made in Germany. (by factory workers)

Future will Passive
ACTIVE VOICE SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
Vicky wrote a letter. AFFIRMATIVE
I/He/She/It
We/You/They will be called/given
PASSIVE VOICE SUBJECT VERB AGENT
A letter was written by Vicky. NEGATIVE

I/He/She/It
We/You/They won’t be called/given

QUESTIONS

I/he/she/it
Will be called/given?
we/you/they
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