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too / enough a / an, the
• We use too before adjectives and adverbs. Too has a • We use a/an before singular countable nouns. We
negative meaning and it means ‘more than necessary’. use a when the next word begins with a consonant
This co fee is too hot. I can’t drink it.
sound and an when the next word begins with a
• We use enough after adjectives and adverbs, but vowel sound.
before nouns. Enough has a positive meaning. a pen an apple
The weather is warm enough for picnic.
There’s enough food in the fridge. WE USE A/AN:

• when we speak about There’s a man at
Clauses of Result something that is not speci ic the door.
We use Clauses of Result to express the result of an
action or a conclusion. • for professions She’s a teacher.
• so + adjective/adverb + (that)
He was so bored (that) he left before the end of the • We use the before uncountable nouns and before
ilm. countable nouns, both in the singular and in the plural.
• such + (a/an) + (adjective) + noun + (that)
It was such a hot day (that) we all went swimming. ‘the’ is used:
• for somebody or something specific or already
mentioned.
Module 5 A: There’s a new car in the street.
B: Yes, it’s the car I bought yesterday.
so / neither / too / either • for things that are unique.
the moon, the Pyramids
To express agreement • with the superlative of adjectives/adverbs.
• We use So + a irmative auxiliary verb + subject or Joan is the best dancer of all.
subject + a irmative auxiliary verb + too when we My canary sings the most beautifully of all.
agree with an a irmative statement, but we don’t • before names of seas, rivers, oceans and deserts.
want to repeat it. the Black Sea, the Thames, the Indian Ocean,
the Kalahari Desert
A: I play the guitar. © MM Publications
A: Sandra has already
B: So do I. / seen this ilm. • before groups of islands, mountain ranges and
countries in the plural.
I do too. B: So have I. / I have too.
the Azores, the Alps, the Netherlands
• We use Neither + a irmative auxiliary verb + • before nationalities, when we refer to the whole
subject or subject + negative auxiliary verb + either nation.
when we agree with a negative statement, but we The Chinese invented paper thousands of years ago.
don’t want to repeat it.
• before people’s surnames, when we refer to the
A: Paul can’t swim. A: Tina won’t go to whole family.
B: Neither can I. / the barbecue. The Simpsons came to see us last night.
I can’t either. B: Neither will I. / • before musical instruments.
I won’t either. My son plays the drums.
• before the cardinal points.
Sussex is to the south of London.
NOTE
‘the’ is not used:
To express disagreement: • before names of people, streets, islands, mountains,
• We use subject + a irmative auxiliary verb cities, countries and continents.
when we disagree with a negative statement, Joe Black, Oxford Street, Corsica, Everest, Rome,
but we don’t want to repeat it. Turkey, Africa
A: I can’t play the guitar.
B: I can. • before names of days and months.
on Monday / in July
• We use subject + negative auxiliary verb when
we disagree with an a irmative statement, but • before plural countable nouns or uncountable nouns
we don’t want to repeat it. when we are talking about something in general.
A: I’ve been to Madrid twice. Tigers are wild animals.
B: I haven’t. My brother likes chocolate.
• before abstract nouns (love, hope, beauty etc.).
You mustn’t lose hope.

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