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Grammar Reference

Passive Voice of Modal Verbs
In the Passive Voice the verbs can, could, may, might, • None is used for more than two people or things.
should, must, have to and need to are followed by be It is used in affirmative sentences and gives them a
and the past participle of the main verb. negative meaning. It takes a singular or plural verb.
They may build A new factory Rozita, Robert and Clara are from Italy.
a new factory. may be built. None of them speaks/speak English.
• Either is used for two people or things. It means one
We have to clean The o ice or the other (it doesn’t matter which of the two).
the o ice. has to be cleaned. A: Would you like cherries or strawberries?
B: Either. I don’t mind.
The verb should

Infinitive
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
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I/He/She/It/ I/He/She/It/ We use the full in initive (to + base form of the verb):
We/You/They should go We/You/They shouldn’t go • to express purpose.
She went to the supermarket to buy some orange
QUESTIONS juice.
I/he/she/it/ • after certain verbs: want, would like, would love,
Should go?
we/you/they decide, forget, learn, teach, need, plan, promise, try,
hope, manage, arrange, choose, o fer, refuse, expect,
agree, tell, etc.
SHORT ANSWERS
I decided to buy a house near the sea.
I/he/she/it/
Yes, should. • after too and enough.
we/you/they
This co fee is too hot to drink.
I/he/she/it/ I’m strong enough to carry that box.
No, shouldn’t.
we/you/they
• After the structure it + be + adjective. (It’s nice, It’s
easy, etc.)
We use the verb should: It’s di icult to understand this text.
• to ask for and give advice.
A: What should I do? • After certain adjectives: afraid, surprised, free, happy,
B: You shouldn’t work so hard. ready, sorry.
• to express an opinion. James was happy to see his best friend after all those
years.
I think the children should eat more fruit.
• to make a suggestion. We use the bare in initive (base form of verb
We should go bowling tonight. without to):
• after modal verbs (can, could, will, would, should,
may, might, must).
Will you stop talking?
Module 7 You must visit the doctor today.
• after the verbs let and make (in the Active Voice).
all / both / neither / none / either She makes me study all the time.
Mum, let me go to the party, please!
• Both is used for two people or things. It is used in
affirmative sentences and takes a plural verb.
Pablo and Kim are my friends. Both of them are
students. / They are both students. NOTE
• All is used for more than two people or things. It is We can use the verb help with a bare or full in initive.
used in affirmative sentences and takes a plural verb. I always help my brother do his homework.
Kim, Emma, Pablo and Mike are going to travel all I always help my brother to do his homework.
over Europe. They are all happy. / All of them are
happy.
• Neither is used for two people or things. It is used
in affirmative sentences and gives them a negative
meaning. It takes a singular or plural verb.
Emma and Kim want to go to Rome. Neither of them
has/have been to Italy.

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