Page 138 - PortalToEnglish_3_SB_SE

Grammar Reference

• before names of magazines, sports, games, colours NOTE
and languages (when they are not followed by the
word language). Need means that something is necessary. It is used:
I buy J17 every week. • as a main verb in all tenses, in the a irmative, negative and
I like playing tennis. question form. It is followed by to + base form and forms
Mike’s favourite colour is green. the negative and question form with auxiliary verbs.
They speak French. • as a modal verb only in the negative and question form of
• before names of squares, parks and lakes. the Present Simple. It is followed by a base form and forms
Trafalgar Square, Central Park, Lake Winnipeg the negative and question form without auxiliary verbs.
• before the words hospital, school, work, home, bed, AFFIRMATIVE
church, prison and university when they are used I need to go
for the purpose for which they exist. He/She/It needs to go
Steve was tired and went to bed. We/You/They need to go
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• before the words breakfast, lunch and dinner. NEGATIVE
We went to grandma’s for lunch.
BUT I don’t need to go I needn’t
The lunch o fered at this restaurant is very cheap. He/She/It doesn’t need to go He/She/It go
We/You/They don’t need to go We/You/They
• before the phrases on foot, by car, by bus, etc.
I always go to school on foot.
QUESTIONS
can / could / be able to Do I need I
Does he/she/it Need he/she/it go?
• We use can to express ability in the present. Do we/you/they to go? we/you/they
The baby can speak.
• We use could to express ability in the past.
I could climb trees when I was young.
• Be able to expresses ability and forms all tenses. It is can / could
mainly used in tenses where we cannot use can.
He’ll be able to play football on Saturday. • We use can and could to make suggestions. Could is
more polite.
We can go to an Italian restaurant, if you like.
must / have to / need (to) / can’t We could go for a swim in the afternoon.
• We use must and have to to express obligation in the
present and future.
I must buy Tom a present. can / could / may / will / would
You have to be at work by 8.30. • We use Can I...?, Could I...?, May I...? to ask for
permission. We use can and may to give and refuse
NOTE permission.

We use have to to form all the other tenses. Can/Could/May I go to the party?
My dad had to work till late yesterday. Yes, you can/may.
No, you can’t / may not.
My dad will have to work this Saturday.
• We use Can I...?, Could I...?, May I...? to o fer help and
make requests.
Can/Could/May I help you?
• We use need to to express necessity. Can/Could/May I have some more cake?
I need to talk to you.
• We use Can/Could/Will/Would you...? to make polite
• We use don’t have to, don’t need to and needn’t to requests and ask for a favour. Could and Would are
express lack of necessity/obligation. more polite.
You don’t have to go out with her if you don’t like her. Can/Could/Will/Would you help me with my
You don’t need to give me back the money. homework?
She needn’t buy me a present.
• We use mustn’t and can’t to express prohibition.
You mustn’t/can’t speak during the lesson.

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