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Grammar Reference

The verb must

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
I must play I must not/mustn't play Must I play? Yes, I must. No, I mustn’t.
You must play You must not/mustn't play Must you play? Yes, you must. No, you mustn’t.
He must play He must not/mustn't play Must he play? Yes, he must. No, he mustn’t.
She must play She must not/mustn't play Must she play? Yes, she must. No, she mustn’t.
It must play It must not/mustn't play Must it play? Yes, it must. No, it mustn’t.
We must play We must not/mustn't play Must we play? Yes, we must. No, we mustn’t.
You must play You must not/mustn't play Must you play? Yes, you must. No, you mustn’t.
They must play They must not/mustn't play Must they play? Yes, they must. No, they mustn’t.

• Must expresses obligation. I must study for my test.
• Mustn't expresses prohibition. You mustn't shout in the hospital.

Future will

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS
I will play I’ll play I will not/won’t play Will I play? Yes, I will. No, I won’t.
You will play You’ll play You will not/won’t play Will you play? Yes, you will. No, you won’t.
He will play He’ll play He will not/won’t play Will he play? Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
She will play She’ll play She will not/won’t play Will she play? Yes, she will. No, she won’t.
It will play It’ll play It will not/won’t play Will it play? Yes, it will. No, it won’t.
We will play We’ll play We will not/won’t play Will we play? Yes, we will. No, we won’t.
You will play You’ll play You will not/won’t play Will you play? Yes, you will. No, you won’t.
They will play They’ll play They will not/won’t play Will they play? Yes, they will. No, they won’t.

Comparatives and Superlatives
• We use the comparative of adjectives when we compare two people, animals or things.
• We use the superlative of adjectives when we compare one person, animal or thing with several of the same
kind.
Formation adjective + -er John is older than Peter.

Comparative:
more + adjective } + than My watch is more expensive than yours.

Superlative: the + adjective + -est } John is the tallest in his class.
of/in
the + most + adjective This watch is the most expensive of all.
• all one-syllable and most two syllable adjectives take -er/est clean Þ cleaner Þ the cleanest
cleverÞclevererÞthe cleverest
• one-syllable adjectives ending in -e, take -r/-st nice Þ nicer Þ the nicest
• one-syllable adjectives ending in one vowel + one consonant, double
the consonant before the -er/-est hot Þ hotter Þ the hottest
• adjectives ending in a consonant + -y, drop the -y and take -ier/-iest pretty Þ prettier Þ the prettiest
• adjectives with three or more syllables and some two-syllable expensive Þ more expensive Þ
the most expensive
adjectives take more + adjective / most + adjective careful Þ more careful Þ the most careful

Irregular Comparatives and Superlatives

POSITIVE FORM COMPARATIVE FORM SUPERLATIVE FORM
good better the best
bad worse the worst
many/much more the most

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