Page 132 - ToTheTop2030_1_SE

Grammar Reference

• We don’t use a/an or numbers before uncountable nouns but we often use some and any.
A: Is there any milk?
B: No, but there’s some coffee.

Would like
• We use Would you like...? when we offer something.
Would you like some coffee?
• We use I would like or I’d like when we ask for something politely.
I’d like some coffee, please.
Some / Any
• We use some with uncountable and plural countable nouns in affirmative sentences and offers.
There are some carrots in the fridge.
Would you like some tea?
• We use any with uncountable and plural countable nouns in questions and negative sentences.
Is there any milk in the fridge?
There aren’t any apples in the fridge.

How much...? / How many...?
• We use How much...? with uncountable nouns to ask about the quantity of something.
How much water is in the bottle?
• We use How many...? with countable nouns to ask about the number of something.
How many students are there in the classroom?

Personal Pronouns
Subject Pronouns I you he she it we you they

Object Pronouns me you him her it us you them

• We use object pronouns as objects of verbs. They always go after verbs.
John is over there. I can see him.

Module 6

Present Progressive

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS
I am playing I’m playing I am not playing I’m not playing Am I playing? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
You are playing You’re playing You are not playing You aren’t playing Are you playing? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
He is playing He’s playing He is not playing He isn’t playing Is he playing? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
She is playing She’s playing She is not playing She isn’t playing Is she playing? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
It is playing It’s playing It is not playing It isn’t playing Is it playing? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
We are playing We’re playing We are not playing We aren’t playing Are we playing? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t.
You are playing You’re playing You are not playing You aren’t playing Are you playing? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
They are playing They’re playing They are not playing They aren’t playing Are they playing? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
• We use the Present Progressive for actions that are happening at the moment of speaking.
– What is Kelly doing now? – She’s talking on the phone.

Spelling
• most verbs take -ing talk talking
• verbs ending in -e, drop the -e before the -ing come coming
• verbs with one syllable ending in one vowel + one consonant, double the stop stopping
consonant before the -ing
• verbs with two or more syllables ending in one stressed vowel + one consonant, begin beginning
double the consonant before the -ing
• verbs ending in one vowel + -l, double the -l before the -ing travel travelling
• verbs ending in -ie, change -ie to -y before the -ing lie lying

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