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Grammar Reference

Module 3 • We use object pronouns as objects of verbs or
after prepositions.
They always go after verbs or after prepositions.
There is / There are Please give me two tickets.
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE There's a parrot in that tree. Look at it!
FULL SHORT FULL SHORT
FORMS FORMS FORMS FORMS The verb can
singular There is There’s There is not There isn’t (permission and requests)
plural There are There are not There aren’t We use can:
• to ask for permission: Dad, can I go to the
QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS skatepark?

singular Is there...? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t. • to give or refuse permission: Yes, you can. /
No, you can't.
plural Are there...? Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
• to make a request: Can you give me
• We use there is with singular nouns. that book, please?
There's a bedroom upstairs.
Is there a bathroom upstairs? The verb must
• We use there are with plural nouns.
There are two sofas in the living room. AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
Are there two bathrooms downstairs? FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS
I must go I must not go I mustn't go
a / an, the You must go You must not go You mustn't go
• We use a/an before singular nouns when we He must go He must not go He mustn't go
mention them for the irst time or when we don’t She must go She must not go She mustn't go
refer to a speci ic item. It must go It must not go It mustn't go
There is an armchair in my bedroom. There isn't a We must go We must not go We mustn't go
You must go
You must not go
sofa in my bedroom. © MM Publications You mustn't go
• We use the with singular or plural nouns when we They must go They must not go They mustn't go
talk about something or someone in speci ic.
We’ve got two cars. The white car is my mum's. QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
Must I go? Yes, I must. No, I mustn’t.
Prepositions of place Must you go? Yes, you must. No, you mustn’t.
Must he go? Yes, he must. No, he mustn’t.
in The laptop is in the bag. Must she go? Yes, she must. No, she mustn’t.
on The laptop is on the desk. Must it go? Yes, it must. No, it mustn’t.
under The bin is under the desk. Must we go? Yes, we must. No, we mustn’t.
next to The laptop is next to the bag. Must you go? Yes, you must. No, you mustn’t.
between The laptop is between the bag and Must they go? Yes, they must. No, they mustn’t.
the book.
in front of The laptop is in front of the bag. • Must expresses obligation.
behind The bin is behind the door. I must do my homework.
• Mustn't expresses prohibition.
You mustn't feed the animals in the zoo.
Personal Pronouns

Module 4
SUBJECT PRONOUNS OBJECT PRONOUNS
I me
You you
He him Countable and uncountable nouns
She her • Countable nouns have both a singular and a
It it plural form and we can count them. We use a/an
We us and numbers before countable nouns.
You you a basket – two baskets
They them
• Uncountable nouns only have a singular form
and we cannot count them. We don't use a/an or
• We use subject personal pronouns as subjects.
They go before the verb. numbers before uncountable nouns.
Look at that boy. He's tall. butter – milk – yoghurt

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