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Grammar Reference

• We use don’t/doesn’t have to to express absence too/enough
of obligation. • We use too before adjectives and adverbs. Too
You don’t have to come early tomorrow. It isn’t has a negative meaning and it means ‘more than
necessary. necessary’.
note This co fee is too hot. I can’t drink it.
We use must and have to for the present and • We use enough after adjectives and adverbs, but
future. We use had to to express obligation before nouns. Enough has a positive meaning.
in the past. The negative form didn’t have to The weather is warm enough for a picnic.
expresses absence of obligation in the past. There’s enough food in the fridge.
one/ones
Conditional Sentences Type 1 • We use one when we don’t want to repeat a
singular countable noun.
We use Conditional Sentences Type 1 for something Which bag is yours? The black one.
which is likely to happen in the present or future.
• We use ones when we don’t want to repeat a
plural countable noun.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
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Which shoes do you like? The brown ones.
Future will
If + Present Simple Modal Verbs (can, may, might, must) The verb should
Imperative AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
I/He/She/It/ should go I/He/She/It/ shouldn’t go
If I like the car, I’ll buy it. We/You/They We/You/They
If you want to get into the museum, you must buy a
ticket. QUESTIONS
I/he/she/it/
If you don’t feel well, go to bed. Should go?
we/you/they
note
When the if-clause comes before the main SHORT ANSWERS
clause, put a comma to separate them. I/he/she/it/
Yes, should.
we/you/they
I/he/she/it/ shouldn’t.
No,
Module 5 we/you/they
Module 5
We use should:
Possessive Adjectives - • to ask for and give advice.
Possessive Pronouns A: What should I do?
B: You should talk to your parents.
POSSESSIVE POSSESSIVE • to express an opinion.
ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS
I think the children should eat more fruit.
my mine • to make a suggestion.
your yours We should go bowling tonight.
his his
her hers How much...? / How many...? / Much /
its -
our ours Many / A lot of / Lots of / A little / A few
your yours • We use How much...? with uncountable nouns to
their theirs ask about the quantity of something.
How much soup do you want?
• Possessive adjectives always go before nouns note
and do not take articles before them.
Her hat is green. We also use How much...? to ask about the cost
• Possessive pronouns replace possessive or price of something.
adjectives + noun, so they are never followed How much are these shoes? £100?
by nouns. They can be used as short answers to • We use How many...? with plural countable nouns
questions starting with whose. to ask about the number of something.
Your bag is brown, but mine is black. How many cans of lemonade do we need?
That cat is hers. • We use much with uncountable nouns, in
Whose is this ball? It’s his. questions and in negative sentences.
We haven’t got much money.

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