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Grammar Reference

Prepositions of place clean  cleaner 
All one-syllable and the cleanest
next to The museum is next to the post o ice. most two-syllable quiet  quieter 
adjectives take -er/est:
in front of The bus stop is in front of the museum. the quietest
opposite The library is opposite the museum. One-syllable adjectives large  larger 
ending in -e, take -r/-st: the largest
The museum is between the bank
between
and the post o ice. One-syllable adjectives
behind The park is behind the museum. ending in one vowel + hot  hotter 
one consonant, double
the consonant before the hottest
Prepositions of movement the -er/-est:
Adjectives ending in a
up Walk up this road. consonant + -y, drop lazy  lazier 
the laziest
down Go down Elm Street. the -y and take -ier/-iest:
into Don’t come into the house with those shoes. Adjectives with three expensive 
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or more syllables and
out of B Brian walked out of the room. some two-syllable more expensive 
the most expensive
through This road goes through the park. adjectives take
more + adjective / careful  more careful 
past Walk past the lorist’s and turn left. most + adjective: the most careful
Tania drives from her house to work
from... to
every day. IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
around Stop running around the garden! POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
FORM FORM FORM
good better the best
Comparative and Superlative Forms bad worse the worst
• We use the comparative form of adjectives when many / much more the most
we compare two people, animals or things. far farther/further the farthest/
furthest
• We use the superlative form of adjectives when
we compare one person, animal or thing with note
several others of the same kind.
Other forms of comparison:
FORMATION • as + adjective + as
COMPARATIVE Debbie’s as tall as her brother.
• not as + adjective + as
adjective + -er John is older than Peter. Geography isn’t as interesting as history.
+ than My watch is more
more + adjective
expensive than Diana’s.
Relative Pronouns
SUPERLATIVE • The relative pronouns who, which and that
introduce relative clauses and refer to the
adjective John is the tallest boy subject or the object of the main clause.
+ -est in his class.
the + + of/in • The relative pronouns can be omitted when they
most + This watch is the most are the object of the verb in the relative clause,
adjective expensive of all. but cannot be omitted when they are the subject
of the verb in the relative clause.
Mrs Robins is the teacher. I like her the most.
Mrs Robins is the teacher (who) I like the most.

PRONOUNS EXAMPLES
The man who/that is driving
that sports car is my uncle.
PEOPLE who/that
That’s the boy (who/that)
I saw in the park yesterday.

The bag which/that is on the
ANIMALS desk is mine.
AND which/that
THINGS The ilm (which/that) I saw
last night was terrible.

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