Page 139 - WorldWatchers_RS_2_SB_SE

Grammar Reference

Past Simple note

AFFIRMATIVE
The person who causes or carries out the action
I/He/She/It was is called an agent and is preceded by the
We/You/They were called / given preposition by.
We usually omit the agent:
NEGATIVE
• when the action interests us more than the
I/He/She/It wasn’t agent.
We/You/They weren’t called / given • when we don’t know who performed the
action.
QUESTIONS
• when it is easy to figure out who the agent is.
Was I/he/she/it My bike was stolen yesterday. (we don ’t know
Were we/you/they called / given? who stole it)
English is spoken in New Zealand. (by people)
ACTIVE VOICE SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
Vicky wrote a letter.

PASSIVE VOICE SUBJECT VERB AGENT
A letter was written by Vicky.

IRREGULAR VERBS

BASE FORM PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE BASE FORM PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE
be was/were been leave left left
beat beat beaten let let let
become became become lie lay lain
begin began begun light lit lit
break broke broken lose lost lost
bring fell © MM Publications made
brought
brought
make
made
build built built mean meant meant
buy bought bought meet met met
catch caught caught pay paid paid
choose chose chosen put put put
come came come read read read
cost cost cost ride rode ridden
cut cut cut ring rang rung
do did done run ran run
draw drew drawn say said said
drink drank drunk see saw seen
drive drove driven sell sold sold
eat ate eaten send sent sent
fall fallen show showed shown
feed fed fed sing sang sung
feel felt felt sit sat sat
ight fought fought sleep slept slept
ind found found speak spoke spoken
ly lew lown spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled
forget forgot forgotten spend spent spent
get got got stand stood stood
give gave given
go went gone swim swam swum
grow grew grown take took taken
hang hung hung teach taught taught
have had had tell told told
hear heard heard think thought thought
hit hit hit throw threw thrown
hold held held understand understood understood
hurt hurt hurt wake woke woken
keep kept kept wear wore worn
know knew known win won won
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned write wrote written
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