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Grammar Reference

Hello IRREGULAR NOUNS

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man  men tooth  teeth
Question words woman  women person  people
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• • Who?: We use Who...? to ask about people. child  children mouse  mice
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A: Who’s that? foot  feet ish  ish
B: My brother, Mark. note
• • What?: We use What...? to ask about things, animals
and actions. Adjectives do not have a plural form.
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A: What’s your favourite sport? This is an old chair.  These are old chairs.
B: Basketball.
• Which?: We use Which...? to ask about people or
things when there is a limited choice. some/any/no
A: Which school do you go to?
B: I go to Belleview Secondary School. • some + uncountable / plural countable nouns in
a irmative sentences and o fers.
• Where?: We use Where...? to ask about places. There is some apple juice in the fridge.
I’m from Rome. Where are you from? Would you like some strawberries?
• How?: We use How...? to ask about the way in • any + uncountable / plural countable nouns in
which something happens or to ind out about questions and negative sentences.
someone’s health. Is there any apple juice in the fridge?
A: How are you? There aren’t any strawberries on the table.
B: Not bad.
• no (= not any) + uncountable / plural countable
• How old?: We use How old...? to ask about age. nouns in a irmative sentences to give a negative
A: How old are you? meaning.
B: Fourteen. There is no cheese in the fridge. = There isn’t any
• How often?: We use How often...? to show the cheese in the fridge.
frequency of an action: © MM Publications
note
A: How often do you go out? Countable Nouns
B: I go out once a week, but I never go out on
Mondays. • We can count them.
• We can use a/an and numbers before them.
• When / What time?: We use When / What time...? to • They have singular and plural forms.
ask about time. one apple five tables a lamp
A: When do you go to the youth club?
B: On Tuesdays and Thursdays after school. Uncountable Nouns
• We cannot count them.
A: What time do you go home? • We cannot use a/an or numbers before them, but
B: At 4.30.
we often use some and any.
• Whose?: We use Whose...? to ask about possession. • They only have singular forms.
A: Whose book is this? rice water pasta
B: It’s my sister’s.
• Why?: We use Why...? to ask about the reason for
something. We use because to explain the reason.
A: Why did you stay at home last Saturday? How much...? / How many...? / Much /
B: Because I had a headache. Many / A lot of / Lots of / A little / A few
• We use How much...? with uncountable nouns to
ask about the quantity of something.
Plural forms How much soup do you want?
REGULAR NOUNS note
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clock  clocks We also use How much...? to ask about the cost or
• most plural nouns take -s
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lamp  lamps price of something.
How much are these shoes? £80?
• nouns ending in -s, -ch, -sh, box  oxes
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b
-x, -o, take -es watch  watches
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• We use How many...? with plural countable nouns to
• nouns ending in a country  countries ask about the number of something.
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consonant + -y, drop the -y BUT How many bottles of milk do we need?
and take -ies boy  oys • We use much with uncountable nouns, in questions
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b
• nouns ending in -f or -fe, shelf  shelves and in negative sentences.
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take -ves We haven’t got much money.
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