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Grammar Reference

We use the Past Simple for: Adverbs of manner
• actions that started and were completed at a speci ic Adverbs of manner describe how something
time in the past. happens.
Susan bought her house ive years ago.
Stan is a good driver. He drives carefully.
• habitual or repeated actions in the past.
I always went to bed at ten o’clock when I lived with We form most adverbs of quiet  quietly
my parents. manner by adding -ly to
the adjective. careful  carefully
• completed actions that happened one after the
other in the past. Adjectives ending in a
Yesterday I got up at eight o’clock, had breakfast and consonant + -y, drop the -y easy  easily
went to school. and take -ily.
TIME EXPRESSIONS Adjectives ending in -le,
yesterday / yesterday morning, etc. drop the -e and take -y. terrible  terribly
last night/week/weekend/month/year
last Wednesday/Friday, etc. IRREGULAR ADVERBS
last summer/winter, etc.
late  late
two days / a week / three months / ive years ago good  well early  early
fast  fast
in + year
hard  hard
note
The Past Simple of the verb can is could. Comparative and Superlative forms of
The Past Simple of the verb be is was/were. adjectives and adverbs
• We use the comparative of adjectives and adverbs
when we compare two people, animals or things.
Adjectives and adverbs are usually followed by
The verb used to than.
• We use the superlative of adjectives and adverbs
AFFIRMATIVE when we compare one person, animal or thing with
several of the same kind. Adjectives and adverbs
I/He/She/It © MM Publications
We/You/They used to play always take the de inite article the and are usually
followed by the prepositions of or in.
NEGATIVE All one-syllable and most short  shorter 
two-syllable adjectives the shortest
I/He/She/It didn’t use to play take -er/-est happy  happier 
We/You/They
the happiest
big  bigger 
QUESTIONS the biggest
I/he/she/it
Did use to play? Adjectives with three or interesting 
we/you/they
more syllables and some more interesting 
two-syllable adjectives the most interesting
We use used to to talk about something that take: more + adjective /
happened regularly in the past, but no longer does. most + adjective
We used to play board games every afternoon when
we were young. All one-syllable adverbs fast  faster 
and early take -er/-est the fastest
Adjectives early  earlier 
the earliest
Adjectives de ine nouns. They come before nouns in
a sentence and they have no plural form. When they Adverbs with two or more easily  more easily 
are not followed by a noun, they don’t take an article syllables take: more + the most easily
before them. adverb / most + adverb
Lisa is a beautiful girl.
This bike is yellow.

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