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Grammar Reference

note Conditional Sentences Type 1

It isn’t necessary to say or write to go with the We use Conditional Sentences Type 1 for something
Future be going to. which is likely to happen in the present or future.
I’m going (to go) shopping tomorrow morning.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
Future will
Future will Modal Verbs
If + Present Simple
(can, may, might, must)
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE Imperative
I I won’t work
He/She/It will work He/She/It (will not) If I see Matt, I’ll give him his camera back.
We/You/They We/You/They If you want to get into the gallery, you must buy
a ticket.
QUESTIONS If you get home early, check your emails.
I note
Will he/she/it work?
As soon as I know, © MM Publications
we/you/they • We can use unless instead of if... not.
We’ll go jogging unless it rains.
(= We’ll go jogging if it doesn’t rain.)
We use the Future will for:
• predictions, usually with the verbs think and • When the if-clause comes before the
believe. main clause, put a comma to separate them.
I think he will become a famous artist.
• on-the-spot decisions. Articles: a/an, the
I’ll meet you in an hour.
‘a/an’ is used before singular countable nouns:
• o fers.
I’ll cook dinner for us tonight. • when we mention them for the irst time or when
we aren’t referring to a speci ic item.
• warnings and threats. I saw a cat in the garden.
Be quiet, or I’ll tell Mum and Dad.
• before quantities and occupations.
• promises. I would like a cup of co fee, please.
I promise I’ll be back at nine o’clock.
My mum is an engineer.
• requests.
Will you help me with my homework? ‘the’ is used before uncountable and countable
nouns both in the singular and in the plural.
It is used:
Time Clauses (Present – Future) • for somebody or something speci ic or already
mentioned.
• Time clauses begin with when, after, before, A: There’s a new car in the street.
as soon as, until, etc. B: Yes, it’s the car my parents bought yesterday.
• When the sentence refers to the present or future, • for things that are unique.
we usually use the Present Simple in the time clause the Moon, the Pyramids of Giza
and the Future will in the main clause.
• with the superlative of adjectives/adverbs.
TIME CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE Joan is the best student in the class.
I’ll tell you. Susan runs the fastest of all.
• before names of seas, rivers, oceans and deserts.
Before I leave, I’ll cook lunch.
the Mediterranean Sea, the Amazon river,
note the Paci ic Ocean, the Gobi Desert
When the time clause comes before the main clause, • before groups of islands, mountain ranges and
put a comma to separate them. countries in the plural.
the Maldives, the Alps, the Netherlands
• before nationalities, when we refer to the whole
Zero Conditional nation.
The Italians are very friendly.
IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE • before people’s surnames, when we refer to the
If/When + Present Simple Present Simple whole family.
The Smiths went to Toronto last winter.
The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general • before musical instruments.
truths / facts. My daughter plays the piano.
If you mix red and yellow, you get orange. • before cardinal points when we refer to a
If/When I don’t sleep well, I feel tired. geographical area.
Sydney is in the south of Australia.

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