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Grammar Reference

Hello
negative
Possessive case I/You/He/She/It
We use the possessive case to express possession. can’t (cannot) dance
We/You/They
formation
Singular nouns take ’s. This is the girl’s bag. Questions
This is Tom’s car.
Regular plural nouns take ’. That’s my parents’ Can I/you/he/she/it dance?
house.  we/you/they
Irregular plural nouns take ’s. Here’s the children’s
room. sHort ansWers
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When two or more people own This is Mary and Yes, I/you/he/she/it can.
the same thing, we add ’s only Ben’s flat. we/you/they
to the last owner. No, I/you/he/she/it can’t.
we/you/they
When two or more people own These are John’s and
two or more different things, Rick’s bikes. We use the verb can to express ability:
we add ’s to each owner.  He can swim.

Personal Pronouns - Possessive
Note:
We use of + noun to show that something belongs Adjectives - Possessive Pronouns
to a thing or to an abstract noun. Personal Possessive Possessive
 The windows of this house are very big. Pronouns adjectives Pronouns
subject object
Adjectives / Adverbs
I me my mine
• Adjectives define nouns. They come before nouns
in a sentence and they have no plural form. When you you your yours
they are not followed by a noun, they don’t take an he him his his
article before them.
 She’s a beautiful girl. she her her hers
• Adverbs of manner describe how something
happens. it it its -

We form most adverbs of manner quiet quietly we us our ours
by adding -ly to the adjective. careful  carefully
you you your yours
Adjectives ending in a consonant easy  easily
+ -y, drop the -y and take -ily. they them their theirs
Adjectives ending in -le, drop the terrible terribly • Subject personal pronouns are used as subjects
-e and take -y. and go before the verb.
 Look at that girl. She’s beautiful!
irregular adverbs
• Object personal pronouns are used after verbs as
good well objects or after prepositions.
fast fast  Look at him! He’s my brother.
hard hard • Possessive adjectives always go before nouns
late late and do not take articles before them.
early early  Her hat is green.

• Possessive pronouns replace possessive
The verb can adjectives + noun, so they are never followed
affirmative by nouns. They can be used as short answers to
questions starting with whose.
I/You/He/She/It  Your bag is brown, but mine is black.
can dance  That cat is hers.
We/You/They
 Whose is this ball? It’s his.
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