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Grammar Reference

Countable and uncountable nouns • Which?: We use it when we want to select one
• Countable nouns have both a singular and a plural from a group of things or people
form and we can count them. We use a/an and  A: Which dress do you like?
numbers before countable nouns. B: The red one.
 a table - two tables • How?: We use it to ask about the way in which
• Uncountable nouns only have a singular form something happens or to find out about
someone’s health.
and we cannot count them. We don’t use a/an or
numbers before uncountable nouns.  A: How are you?
B: I’m fine.
 coffee - water - milk
• Who?: We use it to ask about people.
 A: Who’s that?
Some / Any / No / Every and their B: My friend, Mary.
compounds
• some + uncountable / plural countable nouns
in affirmative sentences and in questions when we Module 2
everyPublications
offer something or ask for something politely. Relative Pronouns/Adverbs
 There is some orange juice in the fridge. • The relative pronouns who, which, that, whose
 Would you like some chips? and the adverb where introduce relative clauses.
 Could I have some coffee?
• any + uncountable / plural countable nouns in Pronouns examPles
questions and negative sentences. The man who/that is
 Is there any orange juice in the fridge? driving that sports
 There aren’t any chips on the table. car is my uncle.
• no (= not any) + uncountable / plural countable PeoPle who/that The teacher (who/
nouns in affirmative sentences to give a negative that) I like the most is
meaning. Mrs Robins.
 There is no cheese in the fridge. = There isn’t any
cheese in the fridge. The bag which/that is
• every + singular countable nouns tHings on the desk is mine.
© MM there.
 Every family in this town has got a car. animals which/that The documentary
ideas
(which/that) I watched
some any no last night was terrible.

someone anyone no one everyone The man whose wallet
PEOPLE Possession whose you found is over
somebody anybody nobody everybody

adverb
examPle
THINGS something anything nothing everything Place where The place where I live

PLACE somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere is beautiful!

Note:
• These compounds are used in the same way as • Who, which and that can be omitted when
some, any, no, every but they are not followed by they are the object of the verb in the relative
a noun. They always go with singular verbs. clause, but cannot be omitted when they are the
 Everybody here works very hard. subject of the verb in the relative clause.
 I can’t find my glasses anywhere.  Mrs Robins is the teacher. I like her the most.
 Mrs Robins is the teacher (who) I like the most.
• Whose and where can never be omitted or
Question Words replaced with that.

• Why?: We use it to ask about the reason for
something.
 A: Why are you sad?
B: Because I can’t find my smartphone.
 A: Why are you sad?
B: Because I can’t find my smartphone.
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