Page 140 - Traveller_2nd_Pre-Interm_SB_SE

 -ing form Past Simple
• We use the -ing form: Affirmative
- after certain verbs: like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, suggest,
start, finish, continue, keep, stop, begin, avoid, imagine, I was called / given
spend (time), etc. He/She/It was called / given
I like listening to music, but I hate dancing. We/You/They were called / given
- after certain expressions: don’t mind, can’t stand, be Negative
interested in, it’s worth, How/What about...?, I look
forward to, etc. I wasn’t called / given
I look forward to seeing you. He/She/It wasn’t called / given
- after prepositions We/You/They weren’t called / given
I’m so excited about going on this trip.
- as a subject of a verb. Questions
Smoking is a bad habit. Was I called / given?
Was he/she/it called / given?
 should / shouldn’t Were we/you/they called / given?
• We use should / shouldn’t + bare infinitive to:
- ask for and give advice. NOTE Look at the list of irregular verbs.
Should I stay or should I go?
- express an opinion. Active Voice SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
She should tell her mum about it.
Mary wrote a letter.
- make a suggestion.
Shouldn’t we discuss it with the boss first?
- express mild obligation.
You should go to work on time.
Passive Voice SUBJECT VERB AGENT
NOTE Should / shouldn’t + bare infinitive refers to the A letter was written by Mary.
present or future.
NOTE The person who causes or carries out the action is
called an agent and is preceded by the preposition by.
 had better © MM Publications
We usually omit the agent when the action interests us
We use had better + bare infinitive to give strong advice. more than the agent, when we don’t know the agent or
It often expresses threat or warning and it’s stronger than when it is easy to figure out who the agent is.
should. It refers to the present or future, not the past. Its My bag was stolen!
negative form is had better not. In spoken English the short (by someone who we do not know)
form is commonly used (I’d better, you’d better, etc.). BMW cars are made in Germany.
You’d better ask a doctor about it. (by factory workers)
 Passive Voice
Use Module 6
We use the Passive Voice to emphasise the action rather than
who or what is responsible for it.  may/might/could
• The verbs may, might and could
Formation - are followed by the base form of the verb.
The Passive Voice is formed with the verb be in the - are the same in all persons in the singular and plural.
appropriate form and the past participle of the main verb. - do not form the questions and negative forms with do.
- express possibility in the present/future.
Present Simple We may / might / could go to the Fun Park next week.
Affirmative We use may not/might not to express lack of possibility
I am called / given NOTE in the present or future.
He/She/It is called / given Henry may not/might not be able to join us.
We/You/They are called / given

Negative
I am not called / given
He/She/It is not called / given
We/You/They are not called / given

Questions

Am I called / given?
Is he/she/it called / given?
Are we/you/they called / given?

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