Page 141 - Traveller_2nd_Pre-Interm_SB_SE

 Conditional Sentences Type 1 Negative
• We use Conditional Sentences Type 1 for something which
I haven’t been working
is likely to happen in the present or future. Conditional He/She/It hasn’t been working
Sentences consist of the if-clause and the main clause.
We/You/They haven’t been working
if-clause main clause
Questions
Future will
Ηave I been working?
Modal verbs
if + Present Simple Ηas he/she/it been working?
(may, might, can, must, should)
Ηave we/you/they been working?
Imperative
• We use the Present Perfect Progressive for:
If I find the book, I’ll buy it for you. - a repeated action or situation which started in the past and
continues up to the present.
If you go to the gym early, you might see him there.
They have been using the Internet for more than two
If you see her, ask her about the party. hours now.
- an action which was happening over a period of time in
• To express disagreement: © MM Publications
NOTE When the if-clause comes before the main clause, the the past and may have finished, but its results are obvious
two clauses are separated by a comma.
in the present.
He’s very tired. He’s been studying all night.
 if vs when Time expressions
When is used to refer to the time something is going to
happen, while if refers to the possibility of something • for, since, how long, all day/week, etc.
happening.
I’ll tell him when I see him. (= I will definitely see him.)  Present Perfect Progressive vs Present Perfect
I’ll tell him if I see him. (= I may not see him.) Simple
The Present Perfect Progressive emphasises the duration of
 so/neither/too/either an action, while the Present Perfect Simple emphasises the
• To express agreement: result of an action.
We use so + affirmative auxiliary verb + subject or subject Lucy has been typing letters since 10.30.
+ affirmative auxiliary verb + too when we agree with an Lucy has typed eight letters since 10.30.
affirmative statement, but we don’t want to repeat it.
A: I play the guitar. Module 7
B: So do I. / I do too.
A: Sandra has seen this film.  Negative Questions
B: So have I. / I have too.
• Negative questions are formed with: Auxiliary Verb + n’t
We use neither + affirmative auxiliary verb + subject or (= short form of not) + Subject + Main Verb.
subject + negative auxiliary verb + either when we agree • We use negative questions:
with a negative statement, but we don’t want to repeat it. - to express surprise.
A: Paul can’t swim. Haven’t you been to the city centre before?
B: Neither can I. / I can’t either.
- when we expect the listener to agree with us.
A: Macy won’t go to the party. Don’t you want to come to the theatre with us?
B: Neither will I. / I won’t either.
 Question tags
• Question tags are short questions at the end of statements.
We use subject + affirmative auxiliary verb when we We use them:
disagree with a negative statement, but we don’t want to - when we are not sure about something.
repeat it. - when we want the other person to agree with us.
A: I can’t play the guitar. We form question tags with the auxiliary or modal verb of
B: I can. the sentence and a personal pronoun in the same person
We use subject + negative auxiliary verb when we disagree as the subject.
with an affirmative statement, but we don’t want to repeat it. You couldn’t see her, could you?
A: I’ve been to Madrid twice. Tom believed him, didn’t he?
B: I haven’t. - When the statement is affirmative, we use a negative
question tag.
 Present Perfect Progressive The boys are at school, aren’t they?
- When the statement is negative, we use a positive question
Affirmative tag.
I have been working She hasn’t seen the doctor yet, has she?
He/She/It has been working Be careful with the following question tags:
NOTE I am a very good actor, aren’t I?
We/You/They have been working
Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
Open that door, will you?
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