Page 142 - Traveller_2nd_Pre-Interm_SB_SE

 Exclamatory sentences Questions
Formation
Ηad I worked/written?
• how/so + adjective/adverb Ηad he/she/it worked/written?
Ηad we/you/they worked/written?
• what/such + (a/an) + (adjective) + noun
NOTE Look at the list of irregular verbs.
We use Exclamatory Sentences to give emphasis to the
meaning of the adjective/adverb or noun. • We use the Past Perfect Simple for an action which took
How wonderful! place before a specific point in time or another action in the
What a beautiful day! past. The second action is in the Past Simple.
It was so funny! She had already called him before she left the house.
He’s such an unusual man! She had finished her homework by eight o’clock.
The train had left by the time we arrived at the station.
 Clauses of result
• We use Clauses of result to express the result of an action or Time expressions
a conclusion: • already, ever, never, just, by, before, after, when, by the time
- so + adjective/adverb + (that)
He was so bored (that) he left before the end of the film.
- such + (a/an) + (adjective) + noun + (that) Module 8
It was such a hot day that we all went swimming.
 Reported speech (statements)
NOTE • We say so + much/many, but such a lot of. In Direct Speech, we repeat the exact words that someone
• That can be omitted, especially in spoken English.
said. We usually use the verb say and the words of the speaker
are put in quotation marks.
Irina said, ‘Tina is on the phone.’
 Reflexive pronouns
In Reported Speech, we report the meaning of what someone
PERSONAL PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE said, without using their exact words. We use a reporting
SUBJECT OBJECT PRONOUNS verb, usually say or tell, followed by that (which can be
omitted) and the reported statement.
I me myself Irina said that Tina was on the phone.
you you © MM Publications
yourself
he him himself • We use say when there is no indirect object.
she her herself NOTE ‘I'll be there,’ he said.
it it itself He said that he would be there.
we us ourselves • We use tell when there is an indirect object.
you you yourselves ‘I'll call you, Mark,’ she said.
they them themselves She told Mark she would call him.
• We use reflexive pronouns: • When we change a sentence from Direct to Reported
- as objects of verbs when the subject and the object of the speech, pronouns and possessive adjectives change
verb are the same. according to the meaning of the sentence.
I bought myself an expensive pair of shoes. ‘You look great in your new dress,’ said David.
- as objects of prepositions when the object of the David said that I looked great in my new dress.
preposition is the same as the subject of the verb. • When a sentence changes from Direct to Reported Speech,
He never talks about himself. tenses, modals and time expressions change as follows.
Present Simple  Past Simple
NOTE We use by + reflexive pronoun to show that someone Sue said, ‘I want to go to the cinema.’
does something alone, without any help from anyone
Sue said (that) she wanted to go to the cinema.
else.
I always pack my suitcases by myself. Present Progressive  Past Progressive
Sarah said, ‘I’m reading a novel.’
Sarah said she was reading a novel.
 Past Perfect Simple
Past Simple  Past Perfect Simple
Affirmative Pete said, ‘Mum made some sandwiches.’
Pete said his mum had made some sandwiches.
I had worked/written Present Perfect Simple  Past Perfect Simple
He/She/It had worked/written Jo said, ‘I’ve worked hard today.’
We/You/They had worked/written
Jo said she had worked hard that day.
Negative will  would
Sean said, ‘I’ll be there soon.’
I hadn’t worked/written Sean said he would be there soon.
He/She/It hadn’t worked/written can  could
We/You/They hadn’t worked/written
Jane said, ‘I can help you with your homework.’
Jane said she could help me with my homework.

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