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Grammar Reference

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Possessive Case Adverbs of Manner
We use the possessive case to express possession. Adverbs of manner describe how something happens.
FORMATION Stan is a good driver. He drives carefully.

Singular nouns take ’s. We form most adverbs of
This is the girl’s bag. This is Tom’s car. quiet  quietly
manner by adding -ly to the
adjective. careful  carefully
Regular plural nouns take ’.
That’s my parents’ house.
Adjectives ending in a
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Irregular plural nouns take ’s. consonant + -y, drop the -y easy  easily
Here’s the children’s room. and take -ily.
When two or more people own the same Adjectives ending in -le, drop
thing, we add ’s only to the last owner. the -e and take -y. terrible  terribly
This is Louise and Kev’s lat.
When two or more people own two or more
di ferent things, we add ’s to each owner. IRREGULAR ADVERBS
These are Bob’s and Rick’s bikes.
good  well
fast  fast
NOTE hard  hard
late  late
We use of + noun to show that something early  early
belongs to a thing or to an abstract noun.
The windows of this house are very big.

The verb can
Possessive Adjectives -
Possessive Pronouns AFFIRMATIVE
I/You/He/She/It
POSSESSIVE POSSESSIVE We/You/They can dance
ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS
my mine NEGATIVE
your yours I/You/He/She/It
his his We/You/They can’t (cannot) dance
her hers
its -
our ours QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
your yours
their theirs Yes, I/you/he/she/it can.
I/you/he/she/it we/you/they
Can dance?
we/you/they
• Possessive adjectives always go before nouns and No, I/you/he/she/it can’t.
do not take articles before them. we/you/they
Her hat is green.
• Possessive pronouns replace possessive adjectives + We use the verb can to express ability: He can swim.
noun, so they are never followed by nouns. They can
be used as short answers to questions starting with
whose. Object Pronouns
Your bag is brown, but mine is black. • We use object pronouns as objects of verbs.
That cat is hers. They always go after verbs or after prepositions.
Whose is this ball? It’s his.
This soup is delicious. Taste it!

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