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Grammar Reference
• no (= not any) + uncountable / plural countable
nouns in a irmative sentences to give a negative
NOTE meaning.
There is no cheese in the fridge. = There isn’t any
• We can use unless instead of if... not. cheese in the fridge.
We’ll go shopping unless it rains. • every + singular countable nouns.
(=We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain.)
Every family in this town has got a car.
• When the if-clause comes before the
main clause, put a comma to separate them.
SOME ANY NO EVERY
someone anyone no one everyone
Time Clauses (Present - Future) PEOPLE somebody anybody nobody everybody
• Time clauses begin with when, after, before, as THINGS something anything nothing everything
soon as, until, etc.
© MM Publications
PLACES somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere
• When the sentence refers to the present or future,
we usually use the Present Simple in the time clause
and the Future will in the main clause. • These compounds are used in the same way as
some, any, no, every but they are not followed by a
TIME CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE noun. They always go with singular verbs.
Everybody here works very hard.
As soon as I know, I’ll tell you. I can't ind my glasses anywhere.
Before I leave, I’ll help you with your project.
Prepositions of Place
NOTE
in The clothes are in the wardrobe.
When the time clause comes before the
main clause, put a comma to separate them. on The mirror is on the wall.
at Mary is standing at the bus stop.
under The cat is sleeping under the kitchen table.
near Is there a post o ice near here?
Countable and Uncountable Nouns behind There is a boy behind that tree.
• Countable nouns have both a singular and a plural over There’s a colourful poster over my bed.
form and we can count them. We use a/an and opposite The library is opposite the bank.
numbers before countable nouns.
a table - two tables next to Fay sat next to Charlie at the cinema.
• Uncountable nouns only have a singular form in front of John sits in front of me in class.
and we cannot count them. We don't use a/an or between The bookshop is between the museum
numbers before uncountable nouns. and the shopping centre.
co fee - water - milk
round The children are sitting round the camp ire.
above Let’s put a light above the table.
against He placed the piano against the wall.
some/any/no/every and their
compounds
NOTE
• some + uncountable / plural countable nouns in
a irmative sentences and in questions when we The prepositions on, in and at are used in various other
o fer something or ask for something politely. expressions.
There is some orange juice in the fridge. on: with the expressions: on the left, on the right
Would you like some chips? in: with names of continents, countries, cities,
Could I have some co fee? villages: in Africa, in Argentina, in Los Angeles,
• any + uncountable / plural countable nouns in in Wivenhoe
questions and negative sentences. at: with con ined areas: at the cinema, at the airport,
Is there any orange juice in the fridge? at the station, etc.
There aren’t any chips on the table. with addresses: He lives at 58 Park Road.
with the expressions: at work, at home, at school, etc.
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