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Grammar Reference

Imperative

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
(base form of the verb) (Don’t + base form) AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
Listen to the CD. Don’t close your books. I am working I ’m not working
He/She/It is working He/She/It isn’t working
Be quiet. Don’t be late.
We/You/They are working We/You/They aren’t working

• We use the imperative to ask someone to do
something. We can use please to be more polite. QUESTIONS
Open your books, please. Am I working?
Question words Is he/she/it working?
Are we/you/they working?
• Who?: We use it to ask about people.
A: Who’s that?
B: My friend, Kim.
We use the We use the
• What?: We use it to ask about things, animals Present Simple: Present Progressive:
and actions.
A: What’s your favourite sport? • for permanent states. • for temporary states.
B: Basketball. James lives in I’m taking driving
London. lessons this month.
• How?: We use it to ask about the way in which • for habits or actions • for actions happening
something happens or to ind out about someone’s that happen at the moment of
health. regularly. speaking.
A: How are you? We always have Lucy is sleeping now.
B: Not bad. © MM Publications
breakfast at eight. • for future
• How old?: We use it to ask about ages. • for general truths. arrangements.
A: How old are you? The earth goes round We’re lying to
B: Twelve. the sun. Zanzibar tonight.
• Whose?: We use it to ask about possession. • for an action that
A: Whose book is this? takes place according
B: It’s my sister’s. to a schedule.
The train leaves at
9 o’clock.
Module 1

Present Simple vs Present Progressive TIME EXPRESSIONS
PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
usually, always, often, etc. now, at the moment,
PRESENT SIMPLE
every day/week, etc. today, these days,
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
I work I don’t work in the morning/spring, etc. this week/year, etc.
He/She/It works He/She/It doesn’t work on Mondays/Monday tonight, tomorrow, etc.
We/You/They work We/You/They don’t work morning, etc. next week/year, etc.
at the weekend, etc.
once/twice/three times, etc.
QUESTIONS
a week/day, etc.
Do I work?
Does he/she/it work?
Do we/you/they work?

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