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Grammar Reference

Hello

The verb be

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS
I am I'm I am not I'm not Am I? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
You are You're You are not You aren't Are you? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

He is He’s He is not He isn’t Is he? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
She is She's She is not She isn't Is she? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
It is It’s It is not It isn’t Is it? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
We are We’re We are not We aren’t Are we? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t.
You are You're You are not You aren't Are you? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
They are They’re They are not They aren’t Are they? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

Short forms are more common in spoken language and in informal writing.
Mr Williams isn’t a geography teacher. He’s a history teacher.

The verb have got
• We use the verb have got:
- to express possession. © MM Publications
 I’ve got a computer.
- to talk about family and relationships.
 He’s got two brothers.
- to describe people, animals and things.
 Mary has got fair hair.

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
I/You/We/They ’ve (=have) got I/You/We/They haven’t (=have not) got
He/She/It ’s (=has) got He/She/It hasn’t (=has not) got

QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, I/you/we/they have.
Have I/you/we/they got? No, I/you/we/they haven’t.

Has he/she/it got? Yes, he/she/it has.
No, he/she/it hasn’t.

The verb can
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

I/You/He/She/It I/You/He/She/It
can dance can’t (cannot) dance
We/You/They We/You/They

QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

Yes, I/you/he/she/it can.
I/you/he/she/it we/you/they
Can dance?
we/you/they No, I/you/he/she/it can’t.
we/you/they
We use the verb can to express ability:
 He can swim.

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