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Grammar Reference

There is / There are

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
FULL SHORT FULL SHORT
FORMS FORMS FORMS FORMS
singular There is There’s There is not There isn’t
plural There are  There are not There aren’t • We use there is with singular nouns.
 There’s a chair in my bedroom.
QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS  Is there a watch in my bag?
• We use there are with plural nouns.
singular Is there...? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
 There are four books on my desk.
plural Are there...? Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.  Are there two bathrooms in your house?

Plural forms
© MM Publications
REGULAR NOUNS
• most nouns take -s cat  cats
(in the plural) computer  omputers
c
• nouns ending in -s, -ch, -sh, -x, -o, take -es box  boxes
watch  watches

• nouns ending in a consonant + -y, drop country  countries
the -y and take -ies BUT
b
boy  oys
• nouns ending in -f or -fe, take -ves shelf  shelves
BUT
roof  roofs

IRREGULAR NOUNS

man  men tooth  teeth
woman  women person  people
child  children mouse  mice Adjectives do not have a plural form.
foot  feet fish  fish
This is an old umbrella.  These are old umbrellas.

Imperative
• We form the imperative with the base form of the verb. We form the negative form with don’t + base form.
 Listen to the CD!  Don’t speak!
• We use the imperative to ask someone to do something. We can use ‘please’ to be more polite.
 Open your books, please!

Question Words

• What?: We use it to ask about things, animals and • When?: We use it to ask about time.
actions.  A: When do you play tennis?
 A: What’s your favourite sport? B: On Mondays and Wednesdays.
B: Basketball. • How many?: We use it to ask about the number of
• How old?: We use it to ask about ages. something.
 A: How old are you?  A: How many bedrooms are there in your house?
B: Twelve. B: Three.
• Where?: We use it to ask about places. • How?: We use it to ask about the way in which
 A: Where are you from? something happens or to find out about someone’s
B: I’m from Madrid. health.
 A: How are you?
B: Not bad.

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