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Grammar Reference

Module 1

Present Simple

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS
I work I do not work I don't work Do I work? Yes, I do. No, I don't.
You work You do not work You don't work Do you work? Yes, you do. No, you don’t.
He works He does not work He doesn't work Does he work? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
She works She does not work She doesn't work Does she work? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't.
It works It does not work It doesn't work Does it work? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.
We work We do not work We don't work Do we work? Yes, we do. No, we don’t.

You work You do not work You don't work Do you work? Yes, you do. No, you don't.
© MM Publications
They work They do not work They don't work Do they work? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.

Note:
No -s in the 3 person singular after does/doesn’t.
rd

FORMATION OF THE 3 PERSON SINGULAR (HE/SHE/IT) We use the Present Simple:
RD
I clean  He cleans • for habits or actions that happen
Most verbs take -s.
I help  He helps regularly.
 I wash my car at the weekend.
I wash  He washes
Verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o take -es.  She does her homework every
I go  He goes day.
I study  He studies • for permanent states.
Verbs ending in a consonant + -y, take -ies. BUT  We live in Bristol. My dad works
I play  He plays at a restaurant.

Adverbs of frequency

* ** *** **** *****
never rarely sometimes often usually always
We use adverbs of frequency to talk about how often we do something. We place them:
• before the main verb.
 Jack usually tidies his room on Saturdays.
 Bill doesn’t always play computer games at the weekend.
• after the verb be.
 Ann is sometimes late for work.

Prepositions of time

at • to tell the time: at six o’clock / at half past two
• in the expressions: at noon / at midday / at night / at midnight / at the weekend / at the weekends
in • before periods of time: in the morning/afternoon/evening
• in the expression: in my free time
on • before the days of the week: on Friday morning/afternoon, etc.
• in the expression: on weekdays

Note:
• till/until  We usually work till 5.00 p.m. • before  Jack always has a shower before dinner.
• during  I never go out during the week. • after  My dad takes the dog for a walk after
breakfast.

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