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Grammar Reference

some / any / no / every
• some + uncountable / plural countable nouns in affirmative sentences and offers.
 There is some orange juice in the fridge.
 Would you like some chips?
• any + uncountable / plural countable nouns in questions and negative sentences.
 Is there any orange juice in the fridge?
 There aren’t any chips on the table.
• no (= not any) + uncountable / plural countable nouns in affirmative sentences to give a negative meaning.
 There is no cheese in the fridge. = There isn’t any cheese in the fridge.
• every + singular countable nouns
 Every family in this town has got a car.

Note:
Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns
• We can count them. • We cannot count them.
• We can use a/an and numbers before them. • We cannot use a/an or numbers before them, but
• They have singular and plural forms. we often use some and any.
 one orange  five posters  a lamp • They have only singular forms.
 rice  water  pasta

Compounds of some, any, no and every

some any no every
someone anyone no one everyone
People
somebody anybody nobody everybody
Things something © MM Publications
nothing
anything
everything
Places somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere
• These compounds always go with singular verbs.
 Someone is behind the door.
 Everybody here works hard.
• We use the compounds of no in affirmative sentences with a negative meaning.
 There was nobody in the office.
• We use the compounds of any in questions and negative sentences.
 Do you need anything else?
 I can’t find my glasses anywhere.

Personal Pronouns - Possessive Adjectives - Possessive Pronouns

Personal Possessive Possessive
Pronouns adjecTives Pronouns • Subject personal pronouns are used as subjects and go
subjecT objecT before the verb.
 Look at that girl. She’s beautiful!
I me my mine
• Object personal pronouns are used after verbs as
you you your yours objects or after prepositions.
 Look at him! He’s my brother.
he him his his
• Possessive adjectives always go before nouns and do
she her her hers not take articles before them.
 Her hat is green.
it it its - • Possessive pronouns replace possessive adjectives +
we us our ours noun, so they are never followed by nouns. They can be
used as short answers to questions starting with whose.
you you your yours  Your bag is brown, but mine is black.
 That cat is hers.
they them their theirs  Whose is this ball? It’s his.

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