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Grammar Reference

Note: Future ‘will’ Passive
We usually omit the agent:
• when the action interests us more than the agent. affirmative
• when we don’t know the agent. I/He/She/It
 My bag was found! (by someone who we do not We/You/They will be called/given
know)
• when it is easy to tell who the agent is. negative
 BMW cars are made in Germany. (by factory I/He/She/It
workers) We/You/They won’t be called/given

Subject Verb Object Questions
Active Voice Mary wrote a letter. I/he/she/it
Will we/you/they be called/given?

Subject Verb Agent Passive Voice of modal verbs
Questions © MM Publications
Passive Voice A letter was written by Mary. • In the Passive Voice the verbs can, could, may,
might, should, must and have to are followed by
be and the past participle of the main verb.
Present Simple Passive
affirmative They may build A new factory
I am a new factory. may be built.
He/She/It is called/given
We/You/They are We have to clean The office has
negative the office. to be cleaned.
I ’m not
He/She/It isn’t called/given
We/You/They aren’t Module 7
Questions
Am I Subject Questions - Object Questions
Is he/she/it called/given? • Subject Questions: When we use the question
Are we/you/they
words who, which and what to ask about the
Past Simple Passive subject of the verb, we form the question without
auxiliary verbs (who/which/what + verb in the
affirmative
affirmative form).
I/He/She/It was called/given
We/You/They were  Who saw the accident? Tom (saw the accident).
negative  What happened outside? An accident (happened).
I/He/She/It wasn’t called/given • Object Questions: When we use the question words
We/You/They weren’t who, which and what to ask about the object of
the verb, we form the question with auxiliary verbs
(who/which/what + verb in the question form).
Am I
Is he/she/it called/given?  Who did you see at (I saw) Tom and June.
Are we/you/they the restaurant?
 What are you eating? (I’m eating) Chinese food.
Present Perfect Simple Passive

affirmative Negative Questions
I/You/We/They have been called/given Negative questions are formed with:
He/She/It has been Negative Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb.

negative We use negative questions:
I/You/We/They haven’t been • to express surprise.
He/She/It hasn’t been called/given  Haven’t you been to the city centre before?
Questions • when we expect the listener to agree with us.
Have I/you/we/they  Don’t you want to come to the theatre with us?
Has he/she/it been called/given?
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