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Grammar Reference
may / might / could Note:
• We use may, might and could to express We can use the verb help with a bare or full
possibility in the present or future. Might infinitive.
expresses slight possibility. I always help my brother do his homework.
We may/might/could go to the Summer Festival I always help my brother to do his homework.
next weekend.
-ing form
Note: We use the -ing form (base form of the verb + -ing)
We use may not / might not to express lack of as a noun. We use the -ing form:
possibility in the present or future. • as subjects.
Henry may not / might not be able to join us.
Exercising is good for your health.
• after certain verbs: like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer,
must / can’t continue, stop, finish, start, keep, avoid, begin,
Must and can’t express a logical deduction and imagine, practise, suggest, risk, spend (time).
refer to the present. Keep going and you’ll find the post office.
• We use must to express a positive deduction. • after certain expressions: don’t mind, can’t stand,
John has been working all day. He must be tired. be interested in, it’s worth, how about, can’t help,
• We use can’t to express a negative deduction. feel like.
Sue can’t be at home. I saw her at the bus stop I can’t stand being ill.
five minutes ago.
• after prepositions.
We use a toothbrush for brushing our teeth.
Infinitive • after the verb go to indicate activities.
We use the full infinitive (to + base form of the I go swimming every weekend.
verb):
• to express purpose. Note:
She went to the supermarket to buy some orange • The verbs like, dislike, love, hate, start, begin
are followed by a full infinitive or an -ing form
juice. © MM Publications
• after certain verbs: want, would like, would love, without any significant difference in meaning.
decide, forget, learn, teach, need, plan, promise, I like having/to have lunch in the garden.
try, hope, manage, arrange, choose, offer, refuse, • The verbs stop and remember are followed
expect. either by a full infinitive or an -ing form, but
I decided to buy a house near the sea. with a different meaning.
• with too and enough. Dan stopped watching TV. (= Dan no longer
This coffee is too hot to drink. watches TV.)
Dan stopped to watch TV. (= Dan stopped what
• After the structure it + be + adjective. he was doing in order to watch TV.)
It’s difficult to understand this text. I remember locking the door. (= I locked the
• After certain adjectives: afraid, surprised, free, door. I remember the action.)
happy, ready, sorry. I remembered to lock the door. (= I didn’t forget
James was happy to see his best friend after all to lock the door.)
those years.
Module 6
We use the bare infinitive (base form of verb
without to): A/An
• after modal verbs (can, could, will, would, should, • We use a/an before singular countable nouns. We
may, might, must). use a when the next word begins with a consonant
Will you stop talking? sound and an when the next word begins with a
You must visit the doctor today. vowel sound.
• after the verbs let and make. a pen an apple
She makes me study all the time.
Mum, let me go to the party, please! We use a/an:
• when we speak about There’s a man at the door.
something that is not
specific.
• for professions. She’s a teacher.
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