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Grammar Reference

Present Perfect Simple + since Anna has Question tags
+ Past Simple starred in four
To indicate when an action films since she Question tags are short questions at the end of
which started in the past and became an statements. We use them:
continues up to the present actress. • when we are not sure about something.
started. • when we want the other person to agree with us.

Clauses of Result We form question tags with the auxiliary or modal
We use Clauses of Result to express the result of an verb of the sentence and a personal pronoun in
action or a conclusion. the same person as the subject.
• so + adjective/adverb + (that)  You couldn’t see her, could you?
 He was so bored (that) he left before the end of  Tom believed him, didn’t he?
the film. • When the statement is affirmative, we use a
• such + (a/an) + (adjective) + noun + (that) negative question tag.
 It was such a hot day that we all went swimming.  The boys are at school, aren’t they?
• When the statement is negative, we use a positive
question tag.
Module 4  She hasn’t seen the doctor yet, has she?

Past Progressive Note:
• Be careful with the following question tags:
affirmative I am a very good actor, aren’t I?
I/He/She/It was working Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
We/You/They were working Open that door, will you?
negative
I/He/She/It wasn’t working Prepositions of Time
We/You/They weren’t working at at six o’clock / at half past two
Questions at noon/at night / at midnight / at midday

at the weekend
Was I/he/she/it © MM Publications
working?
Were we/you/they working? at breakfast / lunch / dinner
at fifteen / at the age of twenty
We use the Past Progressive: at the moment
• for actions that were happening at a specific point in in the morning / afternoon / evening
of time in the past. in April
 I was watching TV at seven o’clock yesterday in spring/winter / autumn / summer
evening. in 2016 / in the 21 century
st
• to set the scene in a story. in my free time
 Jill was walking in the forest and it was raining. on on Friday
• for actions that were happening at the same time on Friday morning / afternoon, etc.
in the past. In this case we usually use while. on weekdays
th
 While I was watching TV, my father was cooking. on his birthday / on 15 May
during I met him during my trip to Venice.
Past Simple - Past Progressive after She left after lunch.
Time clauses (when, while, as, as soon as) before He arrived before midnight.
• We use the Past Progressive and the Past Simple from... till/until/to We usually work
in the same sentence when one action interrupted from nine till / until / to five.
another in the past. We use the Past Progressive for I’ve been waiting for two hours.
for the longer action and the Past Simple for the since He’s lived there since 2016.
shorter action. In this case we usually use while,
when or as. by I will be home by eleven o’clock.
 As/While I was driving, I saw a cat in the street.
 I was sleeping when the telephone rang. Prepositions of Place
in The clothes are in the wardrobe.
Note: on The mirror is on the wall.
• We use as soon as with the Past Simple. at Mary is standing at the bus stop.
 As soon as they left, we started cleaning up the under The cat is sleeping under the kitchen
house.
table.
near Is there a post office near here?
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