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Grammar Reference
Would you like some chips?
Could I have some coffee? QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
• any + uncountable / plural countable nouns in Was I eating? Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t.
questions and negative sentences.
Were you eating? Yes, you were. No, you weren’t.
Is there any orange juice in the fridge? Was he eating? Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t.
There aren’t any chips on the table. Was she eating? Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t.
Was it eating? Yes, it was. No, it wasn’t.
• no (= not any) + uncountable / plural countable Were we eating? Yes, we were. No, we weren’t.
nouns in affirmative sentences to give a negative Were you eating? Yes, you were. No, you weren’t.
meaning. Were they eating? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
There is no cheese in the fridge. = There isn’t any
cheese in the fridge. We use the Past Progressive:
• every + singular countable nouns • for an action that was happening at a specific point
Every family in this town has got a car. of time in the past.
I was watching TV at 7 o’clock yesterday evening.
© MM Publications
some any no every • to set the scene in a story.
Jill was walking in the forest and it was raining.
someone anyone no one everyone
PEOPLE • for actions that were happening at the same time in
somebody anybody nobody everybody
the past. In this case we usually use while.
While I was watching TV, my father was cooking.
THINGS something anything nothing everything
Past Simple vs Past Progressive
PLACE somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere
Time clauses (when, while, as, as soon as)
• These compounds are used in the same way as • We use the Past Progressive and the Past Simple
some, any, no, every but they are not followed by a in the same sentence when one action interrupted
noun. They always go with singular verbs. another in the past. We use the Past Progressive
Everybody here works very hard. for the longer action and the Past Simple for the
I can’t find my glasses anywhere. shorter action. In this case we usually use while or
as with the Past Progressive and when with the
Past Simple.
Module 2 As/While I was driving, I saw a cat in the street.

Past Progressive I was sleeping when the telephone rang.
Note: We use as soon as with the Past Simple.
AFFIRMATIVE As soon as they left, we started cleaning up
the house.
I was eating
You were eating
He was eating Present Perfect Simple
She was eating AFFIRMATIVE
It was eating FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS
We were eating I have played I’ve played
You were eating You have played You’ve played
They were eating He has played He’s played
She has played She's played
It has played It’s played
NEGATIVE We have played We’ve played
FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS You have played You’ve played
They have played They’ve played
I was not eating I wasn’t eating
You were not eating You weren’t eating NEGATIVE
He was not eating He wasn’t eating
She was not eating She wasn’t eating FULL FORMS SHORT FORMS
It was not eating It wasn’t eating I have not played I haven’t played
We were not eating We weren’t eating You have not played You haven’t played
He has not played
He hasn’t played
You were not eating You weren’t eating She has not played She hasn’t played
They were not eating They weren’t eating It has not played It hasn’t played
We have not played We haven’t played
You have not played You haven’t played
They have not played They haven’t played
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