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Grammar Reference

QUESTIONS We form most adverbs of quiet quietly
Ü
manner by adding -ly to the careful Ü carefully

Am I working?
Is he/she/it working? adjective.
Are we/you/they working? Adjectives ending in a easy easily
Ü
consonant + -y, drop the -y
We use the We use the Present and take -ily.
Present Simple: Progressive: Adjectives ending in -le, drop terrible terribly
Ü
• for permanent states. • for temporary the -e and take -y.
Ben lives in London. states.
• for habits or actions that I’m taking driving
happen regularly. lessons this month. IRREGULAR ADVERBS
We always have breakfast • for actions
at eight. happening at good well
Ü
• for general truths. the moment of fast Ü fast
The earth goes round the speaking. hard hard
Ü
sun. Lucy is sleeping late Ü late

• for an action that takes now. early early
Ü
place according to a • for future
schedule. arrangements. Comparatives and superlatives of
The train leaves at 9 We’re flying to adjectives and adverbs
o’clock. Zanzibar tonight.
Note:
Time Expressions Adjectives
Adjectives define nouns. They come before nouns in
Present Simple Present Progressive
a sentence and they have no plural form. When they
usually, always, often, etc. now, at the moment, are not followed by a noun, they don’t take an article
today, these days,
every day/week, etc. © MM Publications
before them.
in the morning/spring, etc. this week/year, etc. She’s a beautiful girl.
on Mondays / Monday tonight, tomorrow, This bike is green.
morning, etc. etc.
at the weekend, etc. next week/year, etc. • We use the comparative of adjectives and adverbs
once / twice / three times, when we compare two people, animals or things.
etc. a week/day, etc. Adjectives and adverbs are usually followed by
than.
• We use the superlative of adjectives and adverbs
Stative Verbs when we compare one person, animal or thing with
The following verbs are not normally used in the several of the same kind. Adjectives and adverbs
always take the definite article the and are usually
Present Progressive. They are called stative verbs. followed by the prepositions of or in.
• see, hear, smell, etc. • think, understand,
• like, love, hate, want, know, etc. All one-syllable and most short - shorter -
need, etc. • be, have, cost, etc. two-syllable adjectives shortest
take -er / -est happy - happier -
Note: Some of the stative verbs can be used in happiest
progressive tenses, but with a different big - bigger - biggest
meaning.
see Adjectives with three or interesting -
I’m seeing my doctor tomorrow. more syllables and some more interesting -
think of/about two-syllable adjectives most interesting
I’m thinking of buying a car. take: more + adjective /
have (with words like lunch, breakfast, shower, most + adjective
party) All one-syllable adverbs fast - faster - fastest
She’s having a shower at the moment. and early take -er / -est early - earlier - earliest
Adverbs of manner Adverbs with two or more carefully -
Adverbs of manner describe how something syllables take: more + more carefully -
happens.
adverb / most + adverb most carefully

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