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Grammar Reference
around Stop running around the garden! • not as/so + adjective/adverb + as
towards The children came towards me. The jumper isn’t as expensive as the shirt.
off The cat jumped off the chair. Kelly doesn’t run as/so fast as Sheila.
over The cat jumped over the chair. • half as + adjective/adverb + as
past He walked past me, but he didn’t see me. My drawing isn’t half as good as yours is.
• comparative + and + comparative
Comparatives and superlatives The car was going faster and faster.
of adjectives and adverbs • The + comparative..., the + comparative
The more you study, the more you learn.
• We use the comparative form of adjectives and
adverbs when we compare two people, animals or Note:
things. Adjectives and adverbs are usually followed To emphasise a comparative we use the words
by than. much, a lot, rather, a bit, even and far.
• We use the superlative form of adjectives and She’s much prettier than her friend Sally.
adverbs when we compare one person, animal or
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thing with several of the same kind. Adjectives and
adverbs always take the definite article the and are
usually followed by the prepositions of or in. Module 3
All one-syllable and most short - shorter -
two-syllable adjectives take shortest Conditional Sentences Type 1
-er/-est happy - happier - We use Conditional Sentences Type 1 for
happiest something which is likely to happen in the present
big - bigger - or future.
biggest
if-clause Main clause
Adjectives with three or more interesting - Future will
syllables and some two- more interesting - If + Present Modal Verbs (can, may,
syllable adjectives take: more + most interesting Simple might, must, should)
adjective / most + adjective
Imperative
All one-syllable adverbs and fast - faster - If I see James, I’ll give him his book back.
early take -er/-est fastest If you want a dog, you must promise to take
early - earlier - care of it.
earliest If you go to the supermarket, buy some milk.
Adverbs with two or more carefully -
syllables take: more + adverb / more carefully - Conditional Sentences Type 2
most + adverb most carefully We use Conditional Sentences Type 2 for unreal or
imaginary situations which are unlikely to happen in
IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE the present or the future.
AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS if-clause Main clause
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE If + Past Simple would/could + infinitive
FORM FORM FORM
If I won the lottery, I would buy a farm in the
good/well better best country.
bad/badly worse worst
little less least You could lose some weight if you went on a
far farther/further farthest/furthest diet.
many/much more most Note:
• In Conditional Sentences Type 2 were is often
Other forms of comparison used instead of was in the if-clause.
• less + adjective/adverb + than If I were rich, I would live in a luxurious house.
The jumper is less expensive than the shirt. • We use If I were you to express an opinion or to
give advice.
Terry sings less terribly than his sister. If I were you, I wouldn’t buy it.
• the least + adjective/adverb + of/in • Unless can be used instead of if… not... in all
This is the least interesting book in the world! conditional sentences.
• as + adjective/adverb + as
I won’t buy this car unless you agree (= if you
The skirt is as colourful as the shirt. don’t agree).
Kelly runs as fast as Sheila.
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